Download Ethernet Cable Installation and Troubleshooting

Ethernet Cable Installation and
Troubleshooting
Brian Shuman, RCDD
November 2003
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Design Considerations
• Copper Cable Installation Guidelines
• Troubleshooting
• Standards Update
• Summary
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Design Considerations
Environmental Evaluation
• Temperature (max & min)
• Moisture (humidity, wash down)
• Chemicals, oils, etc.
• EMI (sources and severity)
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Design Considerations (cont)
Distances
• Keep copper runs to 100 meter max total
channel length
• Reduce length for elevated temp or use high
temp cable
• Limit patch length to 10 meters if 90 meters
of horizontal is used
• Use fiber optic cabling for longer runs
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Design Considerations (cont)
Component Selection
• Cat 5e minimum
• Industrial grade cable jackets
— Sun Res
— Oil Res
— Special jackets for unique applications, just ask!
• Upjackets for added robustness
• Armor for even more robustness
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Design Considerations (cont)
Component Selection (cont)
• Sealed connectors
— IP67 rating for wash down
— Not intended for submerged applications
• Shielded components for high EMI
applications
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Design Considerations (cont)
Component Selection (cont)
• RJ-45 vs M12-4
— RJ-45 is commercial standard
— M12-4 is sealed has a smaller footprint than
sealed RJ-45s
— Must use Ethernet M12-4 (D-coded)
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Design Considerations (cont)
Pathways & Spaces
• Tray or conduit where needed
• Route cabling away from potential noise
sources (drives, welders, power lines, etc.)
• Cross power lines perpendicularly
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Copper Cable Installation
Guidelines
Pulling Cable
• Minimize pull force
— Commercial cables stretch easily!
• Lay cable into tray where possible
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Copper Cable Installation
Guidelines
Terminating
• Minimize jacket removal
— Pairs should not be exposed outside of the
connector
• Minimize pair untwist length
— TIA 568-B recommends ¼” max
— 1/8” or less is achievable
• Pre-terminated, pre-certified assemblies for
“plug and play” installation
• Keep spares “just in case”
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Copper Cable Installation
Guidelines
Terminating
• RJ-45 “pin-out”
• T568B most common
• M12-4 pin-out
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
RJ-45 Wiring Diagram T568A
Pair 3
Pair 2
Pair 1
1
2
3
W-G
G
W-O
4
Pair 4
5
BL W-BL
6
O
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
7
W-BR
8
BR
RJ-45 Wiring Diagram T568B
Pair 3
Pair 2
Pair 1
1
2
3
W-O
O
W-G
4
Pair 4
5
BL W-BL
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
6
G
7
W-BR
8
BR
M12 - 4 D Pin Out
Pin
Name
Signal
1
Transmit Data +
TX+
3
Transmit Data -
TX-
2
Receive Data +
RX+
4
Receive Data -
RX-
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Administration
• TIA 606 Standard describes commercial
cabling administration
• Document methodology
—What do the labels mean?
• Keep duplicate copies
• Labeling software & label printers are
available
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Testing & Certification
Handheld Testers vs. Multimeters
• Need to measure RF parameters
• Insertion loss (attenuation), NEXT, Return
Loss, ELFEXT, Delay, Skew, etc.
• Basic continuity check not sufficient!
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Testing & Certification
Channel vs. Link Requirements
• Channel includes patch cords
• Channel has a plug on each end
• Channel testing is recommended
• Channel is what the devices actually see
• Link has a jack on each end (90 meters
max)
• Link is not what the devices will see, only
part of the communication path!
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Testing & Certification
Testing Two Pair Systems
• Requires user configured set-up
• Only two pair M12 approved
— Use M12 to RJ-45 adaptor patch cord
Single end grounding of the shield and
wire mapping
• Use unshielded cable setting
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Testing & Certification
Test Documentation
• Proves everything was OK when you left!
Final Check Out
• Connectors fully engaged to switch or
device
• Unused connectors capped
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting
Wiring Errors
• Wire map checks wiring pin out
• Reversed pair
• Split pair
• Transposed Pairs
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Correct Wire Map
Correct pairing
1
1
2
2
3
3
6
6
5
5
4
4
7
7
8
8
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Incorrect Wire Maps
Reversed pair
Transposed pairs
Split pairs
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting
Length and VP
• VP is Velocity of Propagation
• IF VP is set high, measured length will be
too long
• Testers have default VP, may not be
correct
• Consult the cable manufacturer’s data
sheet
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting
Failures in Testing
• Check setting (link vs.channel)
• Check limits (Cat 5e vs. Cat 6)
• *Pass or *Fail
— Too close to call within the accuracy of the tester
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting
Temperature and Attenuation
• Tester measures absolute attenuation
• Temperature correction not included
• Good idea to test at operating temperature
• An hour or more may be needed to allow
cabling to reach the ambient temperature
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting
Time Domain Reflectometry
• Pulse is sent down the pair
• Reflections are correlated to length
• Shows impedance/RL discontinuities
• Lists value as a percent of the total power
reflected
• Typically termination issues
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting
Time Domain NEXT
• Pulse is sent down the transmit pair
• Reflections are correlated to length on
receive pair
• Shows NEXT source(s)
• Lists value as a percent of the total power
reflected
• Typically termination issues
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting
Noise measurements
• Handheld testers give ambient noise
warning
• May show a crosstalk failure
• Spectrum analyzer would be needed to
determine noise source and magnitude
• Most noise sources are intermittent. Must
catch the offender “in the act”
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Standards Update
• Specification available
• Planning and Installation Manual available
• Both are continually being reviewed and
updated
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Standards Update (cont)
TR-42.9
Currently on Draft 2
M.I.C.E. Table
• Mechanical
— Shock, vibration, etc.
• Ingress (sealing)
• Climatic
— UV radiation, temperature, etc.
• Environmental (EMC)
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Standards Update (cont)
• M.I.C.E. 1 is commercial off the shelf (COTS)
• M.I.C.E. 2 will be “light industrial”
• M.I.C.E. 3 will be “heavy industrial”
• Defining these will happen next week
• Standard is scheduled for end of 2004
release
• Balloting process has yet to begin
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Standards Update (cont)
• Working group progressing toward a standard
• Originated M.I.C.E. concept
• Standard by the end of 2004?
• Technical advisory group (TAG) from US
working closely with ISO/IEC
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Standards Update (cont)
• Group is working to insure interoperability
and harmonization among the different
standards groups
• Installation guide available
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Summary
Copper cable installation guide
• Be gentle!
Troubleshooting
• Use the right tools!
Standards Update
• Stay tuned!
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
Questions?
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.
WWW.BELDEN.COM
© 2003, Belden Inc.
©2003, Belden Wire and Cable Company. All rights reserved.