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Atmosphere Study Guide Answer Key 1. The ozone layer protects us from harmful UV rays by absorbing them before they can reach Earth’s surface. The molecule ozone is made from three oxygen atoms. The ozone layer is found at the top of the stratosphere and bottom of the mesosphere. 2. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere. 3. a. Troposphere: Layer that we and other life forms live in, closest to the ground, contains the most air molecules, where weather occurs. b. Stratosphere: Where the jet stream, a current of moving air, is located. Where ozone is located. c. Mesosphere: Where ozone is located. Coldest layer of the atmosphere. Where meteors burn up due to friction. d. Thermosphere: The hottest layer of the atmosphere. Two sub layers. Ionosphere- positively and negatively charged particles exist, Exosphere- where satellites orbit 4. The troposphere contains the most air molecules because of gravity 5. Nitrogen- 78%, Oxygen- 21%, Carbon Dioxide- 1% 6. Air density refers to how many air molecules are in a given area. How air density differs is the higher in altitude you go the less dense the air is. 7. Radiation is the transfer of heat from one object to another through waves. Example: The sun warming the cement 8. Convection is the transfer of heat through a gas or through a liquid. Example: In order for a pot of water to boil, the warm water needs to move from the bottom of the pot to the top of the pot. As the warm water rises it pushes the colder water to the bottom causing a convection current. The warm water heats the cold water until all the water is the same temperature and boiling. 9. Conduction is the transfer of heat from one object to another through direct contact. Example: Miss Daniels burning her finger on her curling iron. 10. Radiation warms the ground, then conduction warms the air molecules that are directly touching the ground, as that warm air rises it warms other air molecules around it because of convection. 11. The greenhouse effect is a process where greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide) in our atmosphere absorb heat from the ground and send it back to Earth which warms Earth’s surface. 12. What creates more greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are the burning of fossil fuels, landfills, livestock, the use of certain fertilizers and pesticides. 13. The UV in UV radiation stands for ultraviolet 14. Particle pollutants are tiny particles or droplets that are present in the air and are harmful. Some examples include dust, pollen, salt and smoke 15. About 50% of all solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface.