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The reproductive system in men
is formed of:
- 2 testes enclosed by scrotum
- 2 ductus deferens (vas deferens)
enclosed by spermatic cord
through its course from testis
to abdominal cavity.
- 2 ejaculatory ducts.
- urethra which passes to the
exterior through the penis
- 3 types of accessory glands
connected to
the reproductive system:
pair of seminal vesicles
(vesicular glands).
single prostate
pair of bulbourethral glands.
The scrotum:
The scrotum is a pouch of deeply
pigmented skin originating from
perineum.
It lies below symphysis pubis
behind penis.
It’s divided into 2 compartments
each of which contain one testis
& testicular end of spermatic cord.
It keeps temperature 2 degrees below
body temperature which is needed for
spermatogenesis.
This is done by means of contraction &
relaxation of the cremaster muscle in
spermatic cord and the dartos fascia
(muscular tissue under the skin) in
the scrotum,
Testes
It’s the primary male sex organ.
2 oval shaped structure, about 5cm long & 2.5cm wide.
They are equivalent to ovaries in female.
Testes are components of both the
reproductive system and the endocrine system.
The main functions of the testes are to
produce sperm (spermatogenesis)
and to produce testosterone
The testes originally develop
high on the posterior abdominal
wall and then descend, before birth,
through the inguinal canal in
anterior abdominal wall to
the scrotum of the perineum.
So, its blood supply is directly from
aorta by testicular arteries
.
Testes
Each testis is surrounded by tunica vaginalis
which is A double layer membrane
formed by peritoneal fold from
abdomen during descent of testis
The connection between tunica vaginalis
& peritoneum is closed at birth & if not
a congenital hernia develops. .
Each testis is formed of
- Fibrous capsule called tunica albuginea.
- 200 – 300 lobules separated by septa
from the capsule.
- Each lobule is formed of about 4 convoluted
seminiferous tubules with interstitial
cells in between.
- seminiferous tubules produces sperms
& interstitial cells secrete the hormone
testosterone.
Epididymis
- At upper pole of testis the tubules combine to form a single tubule (about 6 m in
length) which is folded & packed to form epididymis on posterior aspect of testis
- Epididymis is divided into 3 parts head, body & tail.
- Epididymis is the sit of maturation & storage of sperms for 1 – 3 weeks.
Vas deferens
- At lower pole of testis the tail of epididymis
forms vas deferens.
- It’s about 45 centimeters long.
- it extends from epididymis in scrotum to ejaculatory
duct in pelvis.
- It runs on posterior surface of testis beside
epididymis.
- At upper pole of testis it becomes a part
of spermatic cord.
Spermatic cord
- It suspends the testis in scrotum
- it extends from upper pole of testis
through the layers of abdominal wall
( inguinal canal) to abdominal cavity.
- It’s formed of vas deferens with blood,
lymphatic & nerve supply of testis
- pampiniform plexus is a part of spermatic cord
which represent venous drainage of testis.
- Varicocele is an abnormal dilatation of the
pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum
-The spermatic cord is ensheathed in three layers of tissue:
from corresponding abdominal muscles.
Vas deferens
- At lower pole of testis the epididymis
forms vas deferens.
- It’s about 45 centimeters long.
- it extends from epididymis in scrotum to ejaculatory
duct in pelvis.
- It runs on posterior surface of testis beside
epididymis.
- At upper pole of testis it becomes a part
of spermatic cord.
Spermatic cord
- It suspends the testis in scrotum
- it extends from upper pole of testis
through the layers of abdominal wall
( inguinal canal) to abdominal cavity.
- It’s formed of vas deferens with blood,
lymphatic & nerve supply of testis
- pampiniform plexus is a part of spermatic cord
which represent venous drainage of testis.
- Varicocele is an abnormal dilatation of the
pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum
Then Vas deferens passes from deep inguinal ring to the posterior of the bladder
where It joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
Ejaculatory duct
- ejaculatory duct on each side passes through prostate to open into
urethra which passes to exterior through penis.
The seminal vesicles
- They are accessory glands of the male reproductive system (one on each side).
- Its duct join vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct.
- They lie on posterior aspect of urinary bladder
- They secrete seminal fluid which is expelled during ejaculation.
- Seminal fluid forms 60% of the bulk of semen & contain nutrients for sperm
needed for its journey in female reproductive tract.
The prostate
- It’s is a single accessory gland of the male reproductive system that surrounds
the urethra in the pelvic cavity .
- It lies immediately inferior to the bladder, posterior to the pubic symphysis, and
anterior to the rectum.
- The prostate is like an inverted cone with a larger base, which is continuous above
with the neck of the bladder, and a narrower apex, which rests below on the pelvic
floor.
- It’s formed of glandular tissue surrounded
by fibrous capsule
- It secrets a milky fluid during ejaculation
making up about 30% of semen.
The bulbourethral glands
- one on each side, located within the deep
perineal pouch lateral to the membranous
part of the urethra.
- Their ducts open into urethra at the root
of the penis.
- They secrete pre-ejaculate fluid which
clears urethra fro urine traces.
The urethra in men is divided into:
prostatic, membranous, and spongy parts
The penis
. - It has an attached part in perineum (root) and a free part (body).
- It is composed mainly of 3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue
the two lateral corpora cavernosa which are filled with blood during erection
and the single corpus spongiosum between them, which contains the urethra.
- The body of penis is covered entirely by skin.
- At the tip of its body, it expands to form glans penis.
- Parasympathetic nerve supply is responsible for filling of erectile
tissue with blood.
The reproductive system in men
is formed of:
- 2 Ovaries in pelvic cavity
- 2 Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
with 2 broad ligaments in
pelvic cavity.
- Uterus in pelvic cavity.
- Vagina runs from pelvis to
perineum to open in vulva.
- Vulva ( external genitalia)
The ovaries
It’s the primary female sex organ.
Ovaries are components of both the reproductive system and the endocrine
system.
The main functions of the ovaries are to
produce:
ova (oogenesis)
estrogen & progesterone hormones
They are located in pelvic cavity
one on each side of the uterus
near fallopian tubes ends.
They are suspended on posterior
aspect of broad ligament by
2 ligaments:
Ovarian ligament connecting ovary
to lateral wall of uterus.
Suspensory ligament connecting ovary
to lateral wall of pelvis & to broad ligament
The ovaries
Each ovary is about 4 cm long in 2 cm wide (oval shaped)
It Consists of thousands of “ovarian follicles”
embedded in connective tissues and
containing immature egg “oocyte”..
One ovum is usually matured at each month & expelled into
the adjacent openings of the uterine tubes.
Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
1-Location:
- They are about 10 cm long, and extend,
from the sides of uterus to the ovaries
- They are enclosed in upper
boundary of broad ligament.
2-Structure:
- The distal end of each tube has
a finger like projection called
“fimbriae”.
- Each tube is made of 3 layers an
outer peritoneal, middle muscular &
inner ciliated mucosa.
3-Function:
- It’s a site for ovum fertilization.
- They convey the ovum to the uterus by
peristalsis and ciliary movement (in 3 – 4 days).
.
Broad ligament
The broad ligament is a fold
of peritoneum that runs from the
lateral pelvic wall to the uterus to
enclose uterus.
Important structure inside broad ligament are:
The uterine tube in its free margin.
Uterine arteries on side of uterus
Uterus
1-Location:
located In the pelvis cavity
between urinary bladder
anteriorly and rectum posteriorly.
2-Size:
In non pregnant state 7.5 cm x 5 cm x 2.5 cm.
During pregnancy, the uterus dramatically
expands superiorly into the abdominal cavity.
3-Shape: pear shape.
4-Structure:
uterus
It consists of 3 parts fundus, body & cervix.
Its wall is formed of three layers:
endometrium, myometrium, & Perimetrium.
5- Position: cervix joins vagina at right angle
with body lying over bladder.
6- Function:
- Menstruation.
- Pregnancy.
- expulsion of foetus (delivery).
Vagina
1-Location: between urinary bladder
anteriorly, rectum & anus posteriorly &
about 7.5 cm long.
2-Function:
1-Receives seminal fluid.
2-Birth canal.
3-Duct for menstrual flow
Vagina
Vulva ( external genitalia)
It consists of numerous structures the
important ones are:
1-Labia majora.
2-Labia minora.
3-External urethral meatus.
4-Vaginal orifice.
.
Vagina