Download Chapter 13 Special Senses: the Eye and the Ear

Medical Terminology
A Living Language
Chapter 13
Special Senses: The Eye and Ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The Eye at a Glance

Function of the Eye

Contains sensory receptors for vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The Eye at a Glance

Structures of the Eye








Sclera
Choroid
Retina
Eyeball
Conjunctiva
Eye muscles
Eyelids
Lacrimal apparatus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Combining Forms







ambly/o
aque/o
blephar/o
chrom/o
conjunctiv/o
core/o
corne/o
dull or dim
water
eyelid
color
conjunctiva
pupil
cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Combining Forms




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
cycl/o
dacry/o
dipl/o
glauc/o
ir/o
irid/o
kerat/o
ciliary muscle
tear; tear duct
double
gray
iris
iris
cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Combining Forms








lacrim/o
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
opt/o
optic/o
nyctal/o
papill/o
phac/o
tears
eye
eye
eye, vision
eye
night
optic disk
lens
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Combining Forms







phot/o
presby/o
pupill/o
retin/o
scler/o
uve/o
vitre/o
light
old age
pupil
retina
sclera
vascular
glassy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Suffixes
–metrist
 –opia
 –tropia

one who measures
vision
to turn
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with blephar/o and
conjunctiv/o
–itis
blepharitis
inflammation of eyelid
–plasty
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of eyelid
–ptosis
blepharoptosis
drooping eyelid
–ectomy
blepharectomy
removal of eyelid
–al
conjunctival
pertaining to conjunctiva
–itis
conjunctivitis
inflammation of conjunctiva
–plasty
conjunctivoplasty
surgical repair of
conjunctiva
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with corne/o, cycl/o &
dacry/o
–al
corneal
pertaining to cornea
–plegia
cycloplegia
paralysis of ciliary body
dacryocystitis
inflammation of tear
bladder
cyst/o
–itis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with dipl/o, ir/o & irid/o
–opia
diplopia
double vision
–itis
iritis
inflammation of iris
–al
iridal
pertaining to iris
–ectomy
iridectomy
removal of iris
–plegia
iridoplegia
paralysis of iris
scler/o
–otomy
iridosclerotomy
incision into iris and sclera
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with kerat/o, lacrim/o &
ocul/o
–itis
keratitis
inflammation of cornea
–meter
keratometer
instrument to measure cornea
–otomy
keratotomy
incision into cornea
–al
lacrimal
pertaining to tears
–ar
ocular
pertaining to eye
intra– –ar intraocular
pertaining to inside eye
myc/o
–osis
abnormal condition of eye
fungus
oculomycosis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with ophthalm/o
–algia
ophthalmalgia
eye pain
–ic
ophthalmic
pertaining to eye
–logist
ophthalmologist
eye specialist
–plegia
ophthalmoplegia
eye weakness
–rrhagia ophthalmorrhagia
rapid bleeding from eye
–scope
instrument to view inside
eye
ophthalmoscope
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with opt/o, pupill/o &
retin/o
–ic
optic
pertaining to eye
–meter
optometer
instrument to measure eye
–metrist
optometrist
one who measures eye
–ary
pupillary
pertaining to pupil
–al
retinal
pertaining to retina
–pathy
retinopathy
retina disease
–pexy
retinopexy
surgical fixation of retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with scler/o and uve/o
–al
scleral
pertaining to sclera
–malacia
scleromalacia
sclera softening
–otomy
sclerotomy
incision into sclera
–itis
scleritis
inflammation of sclera
–itis
uveitis
inflammation of choroid
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Vocabulary
emmetropia
legally blind
nyctalopia
ophthalmology
optician
state of normal vision
severely impaired vision; having 20/200
acuity
difficulty seeing in dim light; also called
night blindness
diagnosis and treatment of diseases of
the eye
specialist in grinding corrective lenses
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Vocabulary
optometry
papilledema
specializing in examining eyes, testing
vision, and prescribing corrective lenses
swelling of the optic disk; also called
choked disk
photophobia
strong sensitivity to bright light
presbyopia
visual loss due to old age
xerophthalmia dry eyes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eyeball Pathology
achromatopsia
unable to perceive one or more
colors; color blindness
monochromatism
unable to perceive one specific color
amblyopia
loss of vision not as a result of eye
pathology; commonly called lazy eye
corneal abrasion
scraping injury to cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eyeball Pathology
astigmatism
hyperopia
myopia
blurred vision due to uneven cornea; light
rays do not focus sharply on retina
image comes into focus behind retina;
can see clearly at a distance but not up
close; also called far sightedness
image comes into focus in front of retina;
can see clearly up close but not at a
distance; also called nearsightedness
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eyeball Pathology
cataract
damage to lens causing it to become
cloudy
chronic increase in intraocular pressure;
glaucoma
results in atrophy of optic nerve
macular
deterioration of macula lutea area of
degeneration retina
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 13.8 – Photograph of a person with a cataract in the right eye.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eyeball Pathology
separation of retina from choroid layer;
damages blood vessels and nerves
causing blindness
progressive disease in which retina
retinitis
becomes hard and pigmented, then
pigmentosa
atrophies
malignant eye tumor occurring in young
retinoblastoma
children
retinal
detachment
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Conjunctiva Pathology
pterygium
hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner
corner of eye
trachoma
chronic bacterial infection of conjunctiva
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eyelid Pathology
hordeolum
purulent infection of sebaceous gland of
eyelid; also called a stye (or sty)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Muscle Pathology
strabismus
eye muscle weakness resulting in eyes
looking in different directions at same time
esotropia
(ST)
exotropia
(XT)
type of strabismus with inward turning of
eye; also called cross-eyed
type of strabismus with outward turning of
eye; also called wall-eyed
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 13.4 – Photograph of an infant with strabismus. The left eye is
turned inward, called esotropia.
(Bart's Medical Library/Phototake NYC)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Brain-related Vision Pathology
hemianopia
loss of vision in half of visual field; often
result of a stroke
nystagmus
jerky involuntary eye movements;
indicator of brain injury
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Examination Tests
color vision
tests
use of multicolored charts to determine
ability to recognize colors
fluorescein
angiography
injection of fluorescein dye into
bloodstream to observe blood flow within
eye
fluorescein
staining
applying fluorescein eye drops to cornea
to look for corneal abrasions
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 13.11 – An example of color blindness test. A person with
red-green color blindness would not be able to distinguish the
green 27 from the surrounding red circles.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Examination Tests
keratometry
measures curvature of cornea
ophthalmoscopy examination of interior of eye
refractive error
test
vision test for defect in ability of eye to
focus image on retina; tests for
hyperopia and myopia
slit lamp
microscopy
examining posterior surface of cornea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 13.12 – Examination of the interior of the eye using an
ophthalmoscope.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Examination Tests
Snellen chart
used for testing distance vision
tonometry
measures intraocular pressure
visual acuity
(VA)
measures sharpness of vision
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figurer 13.13 – LASIK surgery. The cornea has been lifted in order
to reshape it. (Chris Barry/Phototake NYC)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Surgical Treatments
cryoretinopexy
surgical fixation of retina using extreme
cold
laser
use of laser to destroy very small
photocoagulation precise areas of retina
scleral buckling
placing band around outside of sclera
to stabilize detached retina
strabotomy
incision into eye muscles to correct
strabismus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Pharmacology
anesthetic
ophthalmic
solution
antibiotic
ophthalmic
solution
ophthalmic
decongestant
eyedrops to deaden pain
Ocu-Caine,
Pontocaine
eyedrops to treat bacterial Del-Mycin,
infection
Ilotycin
constricts arterioles of eye
Visine,
to reduce redness and
Murine
itching
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Pharmacology
antiglaucoma
medication
reduces intraocular
pressure
artificial tears
treats dry eyes
miotic
constricts pupil
mydriatic
dilates pupil
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Betimol, Timoptic
Akwa Tears,
Refresh Plus
Eserine Sulfate,
Miostat
Atropine-Care,
Atropisol
Ophtalmic
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Abbreviations
ARMD
age-related macular degeneration
Astigm
astigmatism
c. gl.
correction with glasses
D
diopters (lens strength)
DVA
distance visual acuity
ECCE
extracapsular cataract extraction
EENT
eye, ear, nose, throat
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Abbreviations
EM
emmetropia
EOM
extraocular movement
ICCE
intracapsular cataract extraction
IOP
intraocular pressure
LASIK
laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis
OD
right eye
Ophth.
ophthalmology
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Abbreviations
OS
left eye
OU
each eye/both eyes
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, reactive to light and
accommodation
PRK
photorefractive keratectomy
REM
rapid eye movement
s. gl.
without correction or glasses
SMD
senile macular degeneration
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eye Abbreviations
ST
esotropia
VA
visual acuity
VF
visual field
XT
exotropia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The Ear at a Glance

Function of the Ear

Contains sensory receptors for hearing and
equilibrium (balance)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The Ear at a Glance

Structures of the Ear




Auricle
External ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Combining Forms






acous/o
audi/o
audit/o
aur/o
auricul/o
cerumin/o
hearing
hearing
hearing
ear
ear
cerumen
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Combining Forms







cochle/o
labyrinth/o
myring/o
ot/o
salping/o
staped/o
tympan/o
cochlea
labyrinth (inner ear)
eardrum
ear
eustachian tube
stapes
eardrum, middle ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Suffixes
–cusis
 –otia

hearing
ear condition
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with acous/o, audi/o &
audit/o
–tic
acoustic
pertaining to hearing
–gram
audiogram
record of hearing
–meter
audiometer
instrument to measure hearing
–logist
audiologist
hearing specialist
–ory
auditory
pertaining to hearing
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with aur/o, auricul/o,
cochle/o and salping/o
–al
aural
pertaining to ear
–ar
auricular
pertaining to ear
–ar
cochlear
pertaining to cochlea
–itis
salpingitis
inflammation of eustachian tube
–otomy salpingotomy incision into eustachian tube
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with labyrinth/o &
myring/o
–ectomy
labyrinthectomy
removal of labyrinth
–otomy
labyrinthotomy
incision into labyrinth
–itis
myringitis
inflammation of eardrum
–ectomy
myringectomy
removal of eardrum
–plasty
myringoplasty
surgical repair of eardrum
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with ot/o
–algia
otalgia
ear pain
–ic
otic
pertaining to ear
–itis
otitis
inflammation of ear
–logist
otologist
ear specialist
–rrhagia
otorrhagia
bleeding from ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with ot/o
–scope
otoscope
instrument to view ear
–plasty
otoplasty
surgical repair of ear
myc/o
–osis
otomycosis
abnormal condition of ear
fungus
py/o
–rrhea
otopyorrhea
discharge of pus from ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with tympan/o
–ic
tympanic
pertaining to eardrum
–itis
tympanitis
inflammation of eardrum
–meter
tympanometer
instrument to measure
eardrum
–plasty
tympanoplasty
surgical repair of eardrum
–rrhexis
tympanorrhexis
ruptured eardrum
–otomy
tympanotomy
incision into eardrum
–ectomy
tympanectomy
removal of eardrum
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Word Building with –otia
macro–
macrotia
large ears
micro–
microtia
small ears
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Vocabulary
American Sign
Language
(ASL)
nonverbal method of communicating
using hands and fingers to represent
words and concepts
binaural
referring to both ears
monaural
referring to one ear
decibel (dB)
measures loudness of sound
hertz (Hz)
measures pitch of sound
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Vocabulary
otorhinolaryngology
(ENT)
diagnosis and treatment of
diseases of ear, nose, and throat
presbycusis
normal loss of hearing with age
residual hearing
amount of hearing remaining after
damage has occurred
tinnitus
ringing in ears
vertigo
dizziness
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Hearing Loss Pathology
anacusis
total absence of hearing; total deafness
deafness
inability to hear or having some degree of
hearing impairment
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
External Ear Pathology
ceruminoma
excessive accumulation of earwax
forming hard wax plug
otitis externa
(OE)
external ear infection; often by fungus;
also called otomycosis or swimmer’s ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Middle Ear Pathology
otitis media
(OM)
infection of middle ear; most commonly
seen in children; watery fluid (serous otitis
media) or pus (purulent otitis media)
accumulates in middle ear cavity
otosclerosis
loss of mobility of stapes bone; leads to
hearing loss as it cannot vibrate
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Inner Ear Pathology
acoustic
neuroma
benign tumor of cochlear nerve;
symptoms include tinnitus, headache,
dizziness, and hearing loss
labyrinthitis
inner ear infection; causes hearing and
equilibrium symptoms
Ménière’s
disease
progressive hearing loss, vertigo, and
tinnitus; causes not well understood
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Audiology Tests
audiometry
test of hearing ability in regards to both
intensity and pitch person is able to
hear
use of a tuning fork placed either next
Rinne & Weber
to ear or against skull to assess both
tuning fork tests
nerve and bone conduction of sound
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Otology Tests
otoscopy
examination of ear canal and eardrum
tympanometry
measurement of movement of
tympanic membrane to asses
pressure inside middle ear
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 13.19 – An otoscope, used to visually examine the external
auditory ear canal and tympanic membrane.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Balance Tests
falling test
assesses equilibrium; balancing on
one foot with eyes open and then
closed
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Audiology Procedures
hearing aid
mechanical device used to amplify
sound
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Surgical Treatments
cochlear
implant
myringotomy
pressure
equalizing
tube
(PE tube)
mechanical device surgically placed
behind outer ear; converts sound into
magnetic impulses to stimulate auditory
nerve; treats sensorineural hearing loss
incision into eardrum to drain fluid
accumulated in middle ear cavity
surgical placement of tube in eardrum to
allow for continuous drainage of fluid from
middle ear cavity
stapedectomy replacement of damaged stapes
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Pharmacology
antibiotic otic
solution
antiemetics
antiinflammatory
otic solution
wax
emulsifiers
eardrops to treat otitis
externa
treats nausea
associated with vertigo
reduces inflammation
and itching of otitis
externa
Neomycin,
Otocort
Antivert,
Compazine
softens ear wax
Debrox Drops
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Allergan Ear
Drops
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Abbreviations
AD
right ear
AS
left ear
ASL
American Sign Language
AU
both ears
BC
bone conduction
dB
decibel
EENT
eye, ear, nose, throat
ENT
ear, nose, throat
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ear Abbreviations
HEENT head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
Hz
hertz
OM
otitis media
Oto
otology
PE tube pressure equalizing tube
PORP
partial ossicular replacement prosthesis
SOM
serous otitis media
TORP
total ossicular replacement prosthesis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.