Download Mineral Formation and Uses

Mineral Formation and Uses
#1
Describe the differences in
crystal size caused by slow
cooling and fast cooling magma.
Slow
cooling magma will create large
crystals because they have so long to grow.
Fast
cooling magma will create smaller
crystals because they don’t have enough
time to form.
#2
Give an example of a solution. Name
the solute and the solvent in this
solution.
Salt
Water = Solution
Water = Solvent
Salt = Solute
#3
Other than magma’s rate of cooling,
what are two other things that
crystal size depends on?
Chemical
Composition
Amount of gas inside the magma
#4
What are the two processes that form
minerals? Give an example of each.
Crystallization
of Solutions
(materials dissolved in water)
Hot
Water Solutions AND Evaporation
Crystallization
Magma
of Melted Materials
#5
On a recent trip to Diamond Crater
National Park, a family was lucky enough to
find a diamond. They brought it home and
had it set in a ring.
Gemstone:
The diamond @ the park
Gem: The diamond in the ring
#6
Name three minerals and their uses.
Gypsum:
Used to make stucco,
wallboard, and cement.
Quartz: Used in the production of
glass.
Talc: Found in talcum powder.
#7
What is an alloy? Give an example.
A
solid mixture of two or more
metals.
Example: Stainless steel won’t rust.
#8
Describe ores.
A
rock that contains a metal or
economically useful mineral.
Most often, these metals are not
pure - they may contain other
minerals or elements.
#9
Describe the process of smelting.
Before
an ore can be processed, it must be
smelted.
The ore is heated to separate the useful
metal from other substances it contains.
The heat melts the metal and causes it to
separate from the ore’s impurities.
#10
What is a shaft mine?
Shaft
mining is best for ore that
occurs in veins.
It consists of a network of tunnels
that go far underground and follow
the veins of ore.
#11
What is a strip mine?
Geologists
remove layers of soil and
expose the ore that lies close to the
surface.
#12
What is an open pit mine?
Miners
dig a gigantic pit. Ore
deposits typically start near the
surface, but extend far underground.
#13
What are the two places where
minerals are most commonly found?
Mountain
Ranges
Volcanoes
#14
What is a vein?
A
narrow channel or slab of mineral
that is remarkably different from
the surrounding rock.
#15
Describe hot water solutions.
Created when ocean water seeps into
cracks in the ocean floor. The water then
flows downward toward the mantle,
becoming hot.
As the hot water moves through the rock
it dissolves minerals from the surrounding
rock.
This solution will eventually escape back
into the ocean through a vent, and the
minerals inside the solution will crystallize.
#16
How do minerals form from evaporation?
The
liquid in a solution evaporates leaving
the minerals dissolved inside of it to
crystallize.
Think about your petri dishes. The water
from the salt water solution evaporated
and left behind the salt, which crystallized.
#17
What is a prospector?
Anyone
deposit.
who searches for an ore
#18
How do geologists restore the Earth
after strip mining?
The
surface is often graded and the
soil is replaced. This prevents future
erosion from occurring.