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Chapter 19: Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution & Prevention Sustainability, Stewardship, and Sound Science Hazardous Materials Are one or more of the following: • Ignitable • Reactive • Corrosive • Toxic Mercury and Lead • They are heavy metals which can cause • Mental impairment Halogenated Hydrocarbons • Organic compounds with a halogen (bromine, iodine, ect.) replacing a hydrogen • Used as pesticides • Used to make plastic • Resistant to biodegradation Chlorinated Hydrocarbons • • • • Chlorinated hydrocarbons Are synthetic organic compounds Dioxin Mainly caused by burning PVC pipe (medical waste) • Linked to cancer. • Also an endocrine disruptor. Recall Alligators … Love Canal, NY Love Canal, New York • Problem first discovered in 1978 • The government allowed housing to be build over the toxic waste dump • First national emergency in the US because of toxic waste • Led to the superfund legislation. Superfund sites: • $ comes from taxes on chemical industries • 50% of the $ spent on legal costs National Priorities list • Includes sites that are: • The greatest threat to health and the environment • Toxic waste generated by households should be handled by toxic waste pick ups and public education. • Toxicology & Chemical Hazards – Dose – Food Chains • A History of MISmanagement – Land disposal – Injection – Scope of the Problem • Cleaning Up the Mess – Water – Superfund (NOT superFUN) Sites – LUST and others • Broader Issues – Environmental Justice (Grace) – Prevention Sustainability Toxicology & Chemical Hazards • Dose Response & Threshold • Threshold Level • The Nature of Chemical Hazards: HAZMATs • Sources of Chemical Entering the Environment • Better Living Through ... ? – Toxics Release Inventory Toxicology & Chemical Hazards (con’t) • The Threat from Toxic Chemicals – Heavy Metals – Organic Compounds • Dirty Dozen • PERC • MTBE Toxicology & Chemical Hazards (con’t) • Involvement with Food Chains • Minamata A History of Mismanagement • Methods of Land Disposal – Deep-Well Injection – Surface Impoundments – Landfills – Midnight Dumping & Orphan Sites A History of Mismanagement (con’t) • Scope of the Mismanagement Problems • Occidental? Cleaning Up the Mess • Ensuring Safe Drinking Water • Groundwater Remediation Cleaning Up the Mess (con’t) • Superfund for Toxic Sites – Setting Priorities – Cleanup Technology • Bioremediation • Plant Food? Cleaning Up the Mess (con’t) – Brownfields – Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) • Underground storage tank (UST) Managing Current Hazardous Wastes • The Clean Air & Water Acts • The Resource Conservation Act (RCRA) Managing Current Hazardous Wastes (con’t) • Reduction of Accidents & Accidental Exposures – Department of Transportation Regulations – Worker Protection: OSHA Act & the “Workers Right to Know” – Community Protection & Emergency Preparedness: SARA, Title III • EPCRA Rules – The Toxic Substances Control Act • REACH Broader Issues • Environmental Justice & Hazardous Wastes • Federal Response • International EJ • Pollution Prevention for a Sustainable Society • Green Chemistry • You, the Consummer Revisiting the Themes • • • • • • Sustainability Stewardship Science Ecosystem Capital Policy & Politics Globalization The End
