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University of Groningen Point defects in apatites Knottnerus, Daniel Ivo Meinhard IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1976 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Knottnerus, D. I. M. (1976). Point defects in apatites s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 12-08-2017 Sunnary Thls thesls sorptlon investigations in synthetic A short ls a report of some rnagnetlc resonance and optlcal concernlng is given in (hapter mental aspects of crystal I. magnetic experiments is developed. ters are reported ted with optical resonance are highly the oxygen impurities, as well as spectros- and optical the explanation of CIAP eontaining crystals It turns absorption out that all techniques anisotropic which are built of the cen- or elec- and can be associa- in substitutionally at sites. the chiorine A comparison with similar e:<periments on fluorapa)(CarO(PO4)6Fo) doped with o- yields the models for the electron- excess centers to The properties X-irradiation ved. This line tigated in Chapters V to VII. one single, is is nearly of the orientation this detail centers. Chapter V deals with line At is obser- resonance line centers as indicated by the cannot be observed any longer is disconnected of the crystal from the centers additional presumably are to (OCl)2- the EPR spectra (ocl)2- 4 observed centers also; molecular centers molecular are The centers ob- belonged originalty. magnetic observed. ions, arê inves- ions where the 02- ion to which it moreover, ori- as a function in the magnetic field. (PO,)3- group, hole-excess also These hole-excess by determining served at 77 K are attributed centers, after crystals obseured by an overwhelming arnount of resonance lines in greater nes due to isotropic due to electron-excess from hole-excess 5 K these centers at 4 K, 77 K, and 300 K in pure crystals. At lower temperatures because it ginating of pure and sodium doped CIAP single obtained room temperature hole-excess (OCl)2- molecular ions. are described the EPR results g-value. The paramagnetic observed optically. can be attributed At single 1n Chapter ïV. observed at 300 K by either tron paramagnetic tite necessary for of X-Írradiated crystals. is devoted to the experi- growth and of magnetic the theory, inpurities, group, mineral Chapter II copy. In Chapter III The properties of X-ray lnduced defects (CIAP, CalO(PO4)6C12) single calcir:mchlorapatite survey of the members of the apatite synthetic, O- the nature ab- For resonance these no more detailed li- latter models can b is constructed with isotropic approximately axes of the g-tensor lon dÍrectlon any certainty, and, furtherrcre, do noÈ coincide ín the crystal doped ClÀP is growth, have lost cal crystals CIAP. The optical absorption kinds of crystals for all temperature tical after between the main optical The resolved, center, the single Chapter VIII the fluorlne of defects gives rise 2 trapped exist to a doublet X-ray diffraction at (55 to 77 K) are created in un- magnetic resonance a more resolved and optical bleaching. in Chapter VII pattern is attrlbuted spectrwr The combined opa corre.- resonance spec- to a perturbed F- on the position indicates that two different The OH-F-vacancy configuration H-F distances of (CarO(PO4)6(OH)2. The obser- and the symmetric OH-F-HO configuration data for mineral is F-center. hydroxylapatite in these minerals. pattern do not reveal about an NMR investigation The calculated the same at CaCl, vacancies bands and these magnetic absorption than in undoped temperatures from the single to an unperturbed reports fluorine t)pes with line ions in mineral ved five-lÍnes in a triplet. seven-lines CIAP:Na+ trapped at CaCl, vacancies. apart thermal in The observed'primary'bands At higher one or two electrons addiÈional for at 5 K are nearly to electrons and EPR e:<periments described lation tra. are also obtained obser:ved at 300 K ln undoped crystals, obtained 77 K, opti- from the ones reported and more eomplex centers ïn sodium doped crystals, crystal but in pure crystals than approximabeLy obtained (F-centers). spectra a few months after ls much higher investigated. become r:nstable doped crystals: llne spectra spectra are attributed and at anion-vacancles these centers higher dlfferent SLmilar in pure centers The absorption crystals, which the colorabillty for ion- unperturbed about six months these pure crystals After completely Chapter IV are observed. single O2'doped CaCl, and, at temperatures speëtra VI. observed within is much lower. absorption this Ín (hapter reported are the same as those of the colorablllty any particular wlth observed electron-excess pure cl-ystals, in X-Írradlated of the main the directions lattLce. Thê study of the optlcally and sod|:n interactlon because the hyperfine are in excellent fluor- results agreement and hydroxylapatite,