Download Infection Prevention and Control Induction Program

Infection Prevention and Control
Induction Program
GRICG
May 2015
What is an infection?
An infection occurs when invading
microorganisms cause ill health
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
Prions
Pain, tenderness,
swelling, redness, pus
fever
Microbial Reservoirs
Microbes can survive in many environments
On or in people, as normal flora
On or in people who have infections
On or in animals as normal flora or infections
Contaminated food or fluids
Contaminated articles
Contaminated environment
Three Elements of Infection Transmission
.
Elderly person
Healthcare worker
Visitor
Hands
Equipment
Food
Water
Person
Object
Food
Water
Methods of Reducing the Spread of Infection
Successful infection prevention and control
involves implementing work practices that
prevent transmission of infectious agents
through a two-tiered approach:
Standard Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions
Tier One
Standard Precautions
Routine infection control measures to be
used at all times for all patient care
Standard Precautions
Hand hygiene
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Personal protective equipment
Use of aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT)
Appropriate reprocessing of reusable items/single use
Appropriate handling and disposal of sharps
Use of environmental controls
Appropriate waste management
Appropriate handling of linen
Tier Two
Transmission Based Precautions
.
Infection Transmission
Contact Transmission
1. Direct contact with another person can
transmit their microbes to you – hands,
injection or ingestion
2. Indirect contact is when a third person or
an article transmits the microbes from one
person to another – equipment or
environment
Infection Transmission
Droplet transmission occurs when large
respiratory droplets (which travel less than 1
metre), are coughed onto someone else
Airborne transmission occurs when fine spray
is coughed into the air (can travel suspended in
air more than 1 metre)
Special Disease Event: All 3 modes of
transmission . A special disease event is an
infectious disease of high consequence such as a
pandemic or large outbreak commencing outside
or within Australia involving a virus or bacteria
currently not endemic in Australia. Instructions
for PPE requirements will be given at the time of
this event.
Transmission Based Precautions
Single room with ensuite
Cohorting if single room not available and
dedicated toilet
Special ventilation requirements
Additional use of protective equipment
Rostering of immune HCWs to care for infectious
patients
Dedicated patient equipment
Restricted movement of patients and HCWs
Transmission Based Precautions
Transmission Based Precautions
Table Notes
Precaution Signage
.
Standard Precautions
Hand hygiene
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Personal protective equipment
Use of aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT)
Appropriate reprocessing of reusable items/single use
Appropriate handling and disposal of sharps
Use of environmental controls
Appropriate waste management
Appropriate handling of linen
These are discussed individually on the next slides
Hand Hygiene
Staff hands are the most common vehicle
for infection transmission
Own resident hand flora
Transient hand flora – organisms picked up
from contact with persons or articles
Infectious hand conditions – dermatitis,
paronychia
Hand Hygiene Refers To:
Hand washing using soap/skin cleanser
Decontamination using alcohol hand rub
Decontamination using 4% Chlorhexidine
Alcohol/
Chlorhexidine
Hand rub
Alcohol Hand Rubs
Improve
Kill
hand hygiene compliance
bacteria on hands more readily
Cause
less skin irritations and dryness
Decrease
patient infection rates when
used before and after every patient
contact
Online Learning
Packages Available
Standard
Medical
Nursing/Midwifery
Allied health
Non Clinical
Student Health Practitioners
http://www.hha.org.au/LearningPackage/olp-home.aspx
Respiratory Hygiene and Cough
Etiquette
If you
cough or
sneeze
cover your
mouth with
a tissue
Dispose of
soiled
tissue in
the rubbish
bin
If you do
not have a
tissue
cough or
sneeze into
the inside
of your arm
Clean your
hands
afterwards
Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves, Gowns, Masks, Eyewear
Special Disease Event – additional double gloves, knee
high shoe covers, face shield and hood
Glove Use
Used when contact with
body fluids is anticipated
Single use – must be
discarded after patient
contact
Must wash hands after
removal of gloves
Mask Use
Single use item
Use when splash with
body fluids is anticipated
N95/P2 for airborne
diseases
Replace when moist
Dispose of directly into
waste bin
Danger Zone for Absorption
Eyes
Nose
Mouth
PPE for Standard Precautions
The PPE used in standard precautions are used
alone or in combination and include:
aprons and gowns
surgical masks
protective eyewear (goggles or face shields),
and
gloves.
Sequence for putting on PPE
The sequence for putting on PPE is as follows:
1.
perform hand hygiene
2.
put on gown or apron
3.
put on surgical mask
4.
apply protective eyewear such as goggles or
face shield, and lastly
5.
apply gloves.
Sequence for removing PPE
The sequence for removing PPE is as follows:
1. remove gloves
2. perform hand hygiene
3. remove protective eyewear such as goggles or
face shield
4. remove gown or apron
5. Perform hand hygiene
6. remove surgical mask, and lastly
7. perform hand hygiene again.
Aseptic Technique
Aseptic Technique Risk Assessment
Aseptic Technique in Practice
Single Use Policy
Any items marked by manufacturer as
single use should be discarded after use
Single use vials or ampoules must be used
wherever these are available
Multi dose vials must only be used on the
same patient then discarded
Items marked “Single Patient Use” must
only be re-used on same patient then
discarded
Safe Handling of Sharps
Always use safety devices when they
are available
Use appropriate sharps containers
Discard used sharps immediately
Do not pass sharps by hand between
HCWs
Avoid recapping needles
Do not force sharps into container
Do not over-fill sharps containers
Segregate correctly
Environmental Cleaning
Deposits
of dust, soil and microbes
on surfaces are a potential source
of infection
Neutral detergent used for routine cleaning
Disinfectants may be required in some
situations – gastro, MROs
All cleaning equipment should be stored dry
Surfaces should be cleaned regularly and
immediately following blood and body fluid
spills
Blood and Body Substance Spills
Don personal protective equipment
Confine and contain the spill
Treat waste as infectious
Clean spill site according to hospital
policy
Carpet – clean with neutral
detergent and arrange carpet
cleaner as soon as possible
INFECTIOUS
WASTE
Use a chlorine based disinfectant as
directed by your hospital policy
Waste Management
Waste should be segregated at
point of generation
Place clinical waste in yellow
containers or bags bearing
biohazard symbol
Do not over fill bags or containers
Do not compact by hand
Follow relevant jurisdiction
legislation, guidelines or codes of
practice.
Linen Management
• Do not over fill bags (3/4 full)
• No sharps into soiled linen
• Prevent seepage
• Use gloves to handle moist linen
Food Hygiene
Food safety training required
Hand washing, glove use
Regular cleaning of serving and storage areas
Pest and dust control
Date and cover prepared food in fridge
Maintain safe food temperatures
Hot food - >60oC
Cold food - <5oC
Occupational Exposure
First aid – immediate washing of area
Eye splashes – rinse thoroughly
Report incident promptly
Evaluation of exposure
Follow-up action, counselling
Blood tests if required
Ensure full documentation of incident
Staff Health
Good personal hygiene
Seek prompt diagnosis and treatment of
personal illness (away for 48 hours - gastro)
Staff immunisation
Hepatitis B
Influenza
MMR
Pertussis
Varicella zoster
Take Care ………….
…. of yourself and your patients
Questions or Queries?
Infection Control Phone Number:…………………………..