Download Auxiliary material for A Cretaceous-Eocene depositional age for the

Auxiliary material for
A Cretaceous-Eocene depositional age for the Fenghuoshan Group, Hoh Xil Basin: Implications for
the tectonic evolution of the northern Tibet Plateau
Lydia M. Staisch1, Nathan A. Niemi1, Chang Hong2, David B. Rowley3, Brian Currie4 and Marin K.
Clark1
1
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
2
Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an, China
3
Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
4
Department of Geological Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
Tectonics
INTRODUCTION
The supplementary data for this manuscript contains eight tables and seven figures, all of which
are in .pdf format.
BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC COMPILATION
The Tables S1 – S4 (“ts01.pdf”, “ts02.pdf”, “ts03.pdf”, “ts04.pdf”) contain information on
identified fossils within the Wudaoliang, Yaxicuo, Tuotuohe, and Fenghuoshan groups. These fossils
have been identified by others, and compiled within this data set. The age range for every individual
fossil is also contained within these tables. These age ranges have been determined by other studies.
References for age ranges and the fossil species identified within these stratigraphic units are in Table S5
(“ts05.pdf”).
U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY
Table S06 (“ts06.pdf”) contains laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
(LA-ICPSM) data for a volcanic tuff collected from the Fenghuoshan Range. This tuff is interbedded
within Fenghuoshan Group strata and thus provides important age control. U-Pb spot analyses were
completed using a ThermoElectron X-Series II quadrupole ICPMS and New Wave Research UP-213
Nd:YAG UV LA system with a spot diameter of 25 µm at Boise State University.
Table S07 (“ts07.pdf”) contains chemically-abraded thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CATIMS) data for the same tuff to provide high precision age control. CA-TIMS U-Pb analyses were
obtained on a GV Isoprobe-T multicollector TIMS equipped with an ion-counting Daly detector at Boise
State University. Sample location for this volcanic tuff is indicate on both tables.
40
Ar/39Ar
Table S08 (“ts08.pdf”) contains argon isotopic data from two basaltic lavas and one rhyo-dacitic lava
collected from the Fenghuoshan Range and Tuotuohe Basin, respectively. Sample locations for each
volcanic unit are indicated within the table. Ages were measured using biotite 40Ar/39Ar dating techniques
at the University of Michigan Argon Geochronology Laboratory.
1. ts01.pdf, Wudaoliang Group fossils
1.1. Column “Fossil Type”, class or kingdom of fossil
1.2. Column “Fossil”, individual fossil name (Genus, species [when available])
1.3. Column “First Appearance”, millions of years ago, earliest time at which fossil is known to have
existed
1.4. Column “Last Appearance”, millions of years ago, last time at which fossil is known to have
existed
1.5. Column “Citations”, citation number, as documented in Table S5, from which age range
information is used
2. ts02.pdf, Yaxicuo Group fossils
2.1. Column “Fossil Type”, class or kingdom of fossil
2.2. Column “Fossil”, individual fossil name (Genus, species [when available])
2.3. Column “First Appearance”, millions of years ago, earliest time at which fossil is known to have
existed
2.4. Column “Last Appearance”, millions of years ago, last time at which fossil is known to have
existed
2.5. Column “Citations”, citation number, as documented in Table S5, from which age range
information is used
3. ts03.pdf, Tuotuohe Group fossils
3.1. Column “Fossil Type”, class or kingdom of fossil
3.2. Column “Fossil”, individual fossil name (Genus, species [when available])
3.3. Column “First Appearance”, millions of years ago, earliest time at which fossil is known to have
existed
3.4. Column “Last Appearance”, millions of years ago, last time at which fossil is known to have
existed
3.5. Column “Citations”, citation number, as documented in Table S5, from which age range
information is used
4. ts04.pdf , Fenghuoshan Group fossils
4.1. Column “Fossil Type”, class or kingdom of fossil
4.2. Column “Fossil”, individual fossil name (Genus, species [when available])
4.3. Column “First Appearance”, millions of years ago, earliest time at which fossil is known to have
existed
4.4. Column “Last Appearance”, millions of years ago, last time at which fossil is known to have
existed
4.5. Column “Citations”, citation number, as documented in Table S5, from which age range
information is used
5. ts05.pdf, fossil references
5.1. Column “Reference Number”, number of citation, as correlates to tables S1-4.
5.2. Column “Citations”, literature citation used to identify age range of specific fossil(s)
6. ts06.pdf, U-Pb LA-ICPMS zircon data
6.1. Column “Spot”, #, laser ablation spot analysis
6.2. Column “U”, ppm, measured uranium content
6.3. Column “Th”, ppm, measured thorium content
6.4. Column “Pb”, ppm, measured lead content
6.5. Column “Th/U”, ratio of thorium over uranium
6.6. Column “206Pb/204Pb”, ratio of lead-206 over lead-204
6.7. Column “Corrected isotope ratios”
6.7.1. Column “208Pb*/232Th”, measured isotopic ratio of lead-208 over thorium-232
6.7.2. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of ratio in percentage
6.7.3. Column “206Pb*/207Pb*”, measured isotopic ratio of lead-206 over lead-207
6.7.4. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of ratio in percentage
6.7.5. Column ”207Pb*/235U*” measured isotopic ratio of lead-207 over uranium-235
6.7.6. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of ratio in percentage
6.7.7. Column “206Pb*/238U*”, measured isotopic ratio of lead-206 over uranium-238
6.7.8. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of ratio in percentage
6.7.9. Column “error corr.:, error correlations for U-Pb geochronology
6.7.10. Column 238U*/206Pb*”, measured isotopic ratio of uranium-238 over lead-206
6.7.11. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of ratio in percentage
6.7.12. Column “207Pb*/208Pb*”, measured isotopic ratio of lead-207 over lead-208
6.7.13. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of ratio in percentage
6.8. Column “Apparent ages”, millions of year ago
6.8.1. Column ”208Pb*/232Th”, millions of years, age estimated from ratio of lead-208 to
thorium-232
6.8.2. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of age in percentage
6.8.3. Column “207Pb*/206Pb*”, millions of years, age estimated from ratio of lead-207 to lead206
6.8.4. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of age in percentage
6.8.5. Column “*207Pb/235U*”, millions of years, age estimated from ratio of lead-207 to
uranium-235
6.8.6. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of age in percentage
6.8.7. Column “206Pb*/238U*”, millions of years, age estimated from ratio of lead-206 to
uranium-238
6.8.8. Column “± 2σ”, %, error of age in percentage
6.9. Column “Concentrations”, parts per million
6.9.1. Column “P” , parts per million
6.9.2. Column “Ti” , parts per million
6.9.3. Column “Y” , parts per million
6.9.4. Column “Zr” , parts per million
6.9.5. Column “Nb” , parts per million
6.9.6. Column “La” , parts per million
6.9.7. Column “Ce” , parts per million
6.9.8. Column “Pr” , parts per million
6.9.9. Column “Nd” , parts per million
6.9.10. Column “Sm” , parts per million
6.9.11. Column “Eu” , parts per million
6.9.12. Column “Gd” , parts per million
6.9.13. Column “Tb” , parts per million
6.9.14. Column “Dy” , parts per million
6.9.15. Column “Ho” , parts per million
6.9.16. Column “Er” , parts per million
6.9.17. Column “Tm” , parts per million
6.9.18. Column “Yb” , parts per million
6.9.19. Column “Lu” , parts per million
6.9.20. Column “Hf” , parts per million
6.9.21. Column “Ta” , parts per million
6.9.22. Column “Th” , parts per million
6.9.23. Column “U” , parts per million
6.10. Column “Cl chondrite normalizing values from Dun & McDonough”, parts per million
6.10.1. Column “La” , parts per million
6.10.2. Column “Ce” , parts per million
6.10.3. Column “Pr” , parts per million
6.10.4. Column “Nd” , parts per million
6.10.5. Column “Sm” , parts per million
6.10.6. Column “Eu” , parts per million
6.10.7. Column “Gd” , parts per million
6.10.8. Column “Tb” , parts per million
6.10.9. Column “Dy” , parts per million
6.10.10.Column “Ho” , parts per million
6.10.11.Column “Er” , parts per million
6.10.12.Column “Tm” , parts per million
6.10.13.Column “Yb” , parts per million
6.10.14.Column “Lu” , parts per million
6.10.15. Column “Ti-in-zircon”, measurement of Titanium-in-zircon thermochronology
6.10.15.1. Column “T”, in degrees Centigrade
6.10.15.2. Column “Ce/Ce*”, measured isotopic ratio ratio
6.10.15.3. Column “Eu/Eu*”, measured isotopic ratio ratio
6.10.15.4. Column “(Sm/Nd)cn*”, measured isotopic ratio ratio
6.10.15.5. Column “(Lu/Nd)cn”, measured isotopic ratio ratio
7. ts07.pdf, U-Pb CA-TIMS zircon data
7.1. Column “Sample”, sample number
7.2. Column “Th/U”, measured isotopic ratio of thorium over uranium
7.3. Column “206Pb”, measured molar quantity of lead-206
7.4. Column “mol %”, mole percentage of lead-206 with respect to radiogenic and blank lead
7.5. Column “Pb*/ Pbc”, measured ratio of radiogenic lead and common lead, respectively
7.6. Column “206Pb/204Pb”, measured ratio corrected for spike and fractionation only
7.7. Column “Radiogenic Isotopes Ratios”, measured radiogenic isotope ratios
7.7.1. Column “208Pb/206Pb”, measured ratio of lead-208 over lead-206
7.7.2. Column “207Pb/206Pb”, measured ratio of lead-207 over lead-206
7.7.3. Column “% err”, error in percentage, 2 sigma
7.7.4. Column “207Pb/235U”, measured ratio of lead-207 over uranium-235
7.7.5. Column “% err”, error in percentage, 2 sigma
7.7.6. Column “207Pb/238U”, measured ratio of lead-207 over uranium-238
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
7.7.7. Column “% err, error in percentage, 2 sigma
7.7.8. Column “corr. coef.”,, correlation coefficient
7.8. Column “Isotopic Dates”
7.8.1. Column “207Pb/206Pb”, millions of years, age calculation based on ratio of lead-207 over
lead-206
7.8.2. Column “±”,error reported in 2 sigma
7.8.3. Column “207Pb/235U”, millions of years, age calculation based on ratio of lead-207 over
uranium-235
7.8.4. Column “±”, error reported in 2 sigma
7.8.5. Column “207Pb/238U”, millions of years, age calculation based on ratio of lead-207 over
uranium-238
7.8.6. Column “±”,error reported in 2 sigma
ts08.pdf
8.1. Column “F39”, fraction of argon-39 released during step-heating
8.2. Column “Laser Power”, mW, laser power in mega Watts
8.3. Column “Volume”, cc at standard temperature and pressure, volume of gas measured
8.4. Column “36Ar”, cc at standard temperature and pressure, measured volume of argon-36
8.5. Column “37Ar”, cc at standard temperature and pressure, measured volume of argon-37
8.6. Column “38Ar”, cc at standard temperature and pressure, measured volume of argon-38
8.7. Column “39Ar”, cc at standard temperature and pressure, measured volume of argon-39
8.8. Column “40Ar”, cc at standard temperature and pressure, measured volume of argon-40
8.9. Column “Age”, millions of years, age determined by isotopic ratios
fs01.pdf, Figure S01, figure illustrating the occurrence of individual fossil taxa of the Hoh Xil Basin
in the Fenghuoshan, Tuotuohe, Yaxicuo, and Wudaoliang Groups. Taxa are identified as Ostracoda,
Charophyte, Gastropoda, Angiosperm, Gymnosperm, Pteridophyta, Algae, or Thallophyta. Black bars
indicate which units fossil have been identified in. Grey bars indicate units where fossils were not
identified, but in which fossils were identified in both overlying and underlying strata.
fs02.pdf, Figure S02, Cathidoluminescence images of zircons from the Fenghuoshan Group tuff.
Circles show 25 μm LA-ICPMS spots where measurements were acquired. Numbered LA-ICPMS
spot analyses correlate to rows on Table ts06.
fs03.pdf, Figure S03, Ranked age plot of the 38 youngest LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircons dated from the
Fenghuoshan Tuff. Mean weighted age, and associated error, is reported on the figure and shown as
the black line and shaded orange bar.
fs04.pdf, Figure S04, Rare earth element values of all LA-ICPMS zircon analyses from the
Fenghuoshan Tuff. Concentrations are normalized using Boynton [1984] primitive mantle value. Rare
earth elements are shown along the x-axis, with normalized values shown on a log scale on the y-axis.
fs05.pdf, Figure S05, Normalized relative probability plot of 56 LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon ages from
the Fenghuoshan tuff (blue) and published SHRIMP U-Pb ages from the Gangdese Batholith (red)
[Wen et al., 2008]. X-axis shows age in millions of years. Y-axis shows normalized relative
probability.
fs06.pdf, Figure S06, Comparison of interpreted paleomagnetic data for the Fenghuoshan Group from
Liu et al. [2003]. Left side shows previously published polarity pattern by Liu et al. [2003] next to
measured virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) in degrees. Right side shows interpreted polarity pattern
from this study. Yellow shaded region extends over paleomagnetic data for the Yaxicuo Group,
which was not incorporated into this study. Single datum magnetozones included in the
Fenghuoshan Group polarity pattern are denoted with black stars. Excluded magnetozones
are denoted with white-filled stars.
15. fs07.pdf, Figure S07, figure illustrating detrital uranium age spectra for the Fenghuoshan compared to
Tibetan terranes and Mesozoic sedimentary units. Age spectra are show from 0 to 4000 million
years, as well as a zoomed in plot showing age spectra from 0 to 200 million years. Zoomed plot
highlights an age range between 100 and 150 to illustrate a unique detrital age peak that is present in
only some age spectra (including the Fenghuoshan Group). Overlap, similarity, and K-S test values
are shown on the left.