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Early Civilization Test Review I. Paleolithic Age - Men and women of the Paleolithic Age were nomads. They live in bands of no more than 2-3 dozen people. SMALL GROUPS 2. Neolithic Revolution 10,000 B.C. 3. Discovery of farming/ and the domestication of animals 4. Steady Food Source New Cultural Developments Permanent Settlements Neolithic Revolution 10,000 B.C. Discovery of Farming More Complex Society Increase in Population New Technology 5. Tigris River & Euphrates River 6. Fertile Crescent is also known as MESOPOTAMIA! 7. Sumerians are the first civilization to develop in Mesopotamia. 3,300 B.C. 8. Sumerians were ruled by monarchs (kings). 9. Code of Hammurabi: First set of written laws created by King Hammurabi to unify the laws throughout an empire. 10. Egyptian Empire was surrounded by deserts (Eastern and Western Desert). 11. Positive-Kept invaders out. NATURAL BARRIER! 12. Egyptians traded with Sumerians and Nubians 13. Hieroglyphics—system of writing using pictures and symbols. *culturally diffused from Sumerian Cuneiform 14. Shang Dynastyst ∙1 dynasty to leave written records. 15a.Mandate of Heaven—theory that it is justified to overthrow a bad government with the approval of the gods. B. Started by the Zhou Dynasty 16. Two major river systems are: 1. Yangtze River (AKA—Chang Jiang) 2. Huang He (AKA—Yellow) 17. Chinese called themselves the “Middle Kingdom” a. thought they were the center of the civilized world 18.Monsoons: seasonal winds that dominate Indus’s climate 19.Natural barriers between India and the rest of the Asian continent: 1. 2. 3. 4. Himalaya Mountains Thar Desert Hindu Kush Mountains Karakoram Mountains 20. China’s natural barriers: 1. Gobi Desert 2.Taklamakan Desert 3. Plateau of Tibet 4. Himalaya Mountains 21. Natural Barriers provide protection by keeping out invaders. 22. Common features: *developed on rivers *transportation *trade *irrigation *silt/fertile soil *polytheistic *system of writing 23. Rivers provided: *transportation *trade *irrigation *silt/fertile soil Sumerian Achievements/Contributions: Wheel Sail Plow Ziggurats – temples: Cuneiform: 1st system of writing Code of Hammurabi: first set of written laws A. Egyptian Contributions and Achievements: 1. Hieroglyphics—system of writing using pictures and symbols. Papyrus—paper made from reeds that grew in the marshy Nile delta. Pyramids—tombs for pharaohs Pyramids at Giza Pharoahs—Egyptian GodKings Theocracy—Gov’t in which the ruler is believed to be a god or a representative of the god(s). Indus Contributions/Achievements: A. City building: 1. Kalibangan 2. Mohenjo-Daro 3. Harappa Laid cities in precise grid system Engineers built plumbing and sewage systems. Sanskrit—system of writing YellowContributions/Achievements: *Mandate of Heaven—theory that it is justified to overthrow a bad government with the approval of the gods. Mandate of Heaven Ancient Chinese Writing