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Assignment: Body System PowerPoint notes (#109)
On average, your body has about ____ liters of blood continually traveling through it by
way of the circulatory system. The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form
the circle part of the circulatory system. The pumping of the heart forces the blood on its
journey.
The circulatory System is divided into three major parts:
• The Heart
• The Blood
• The Blood Vessels
HEART
Your heart is sort of like a pump - or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart
receives blood from the body and pumps it to the__________. The left side of the heart does the
exact opposite: It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the________.
Anatomy of Heart
Major Arteries and Veins
BLOOD VESSELS
Your _________________carry blood away from the heart. Oxygenated blood is pumped
out of the heart through the body's main artery — the____________. Arteries that branch off the
aorta transport blood throughout the body, supplying tissues with oxygen and nutrients.
Your ____________ carry blood ______________the heart. Tiny vessels called
capillaries in organs and tissues of the body deliver deoxygenated blood into small veins called
venules, which join to form veins. Blood flows through the veins to the body's two main veins
(called the vena cavae), which deliver the blood back into the heart.
Circulation and Lungs
Write a number on the diagram of the heart for each step.
1. Oxygen-poor blood (shown in blue) flows from the body into the right atrium.
2. Blood flows through the right atrium into the right ventricle.
3. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs, where the blood releases waste gases and
picks up oxygen.
4. The newly oxygen-rich blood (shown in red) returns to the heart and enters the left atrium.
5. Blood flows through the left atrium into the left ventricle.
6. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Chewing
When food is being chewed, _______________is
squirted into the mouth. Saliva helps to soften the
food. It contains an enzyme that helps break down
the starch in the food.
2. Swallowing
When you swallow a small ball of mushed-up food
or liquids, a special flap called the
________________ (say: eh-pih-glah-tiss) flops
down over the opening of your windpipe to make
sure the food enters the esophagus and not the
windpipe.
3. Esophagus
The food is moved along the small intestine in a
squeezing motion known as
______________________. This motion is much
the same as squeezing a tube of toothpaste. All of
this movement causes the noise when we say our
stomach is "growling."
4. Stomach
The stomach is a sac shaped like a "j" and is about eight inches long.
In the stomach, food is mixed with____________. The muscles in the
stomach move, which helps break down the food. The stomach is
protected from the acid by a lining. From the stomach, the food pulp
is sent to the small intestine. Food leaves the stomach a little bit at a
time.
Other “players” in breaking down food
Liver
The liver processes and distributes nutrients. The liver creates___________, which is
important in chemically breaking down the food in the small intestine. It also processes damaged
red blood cells and stores vitamins A and D. This organ is also where alcohol, drugs, bacteria
and old blood cells are broken down and removed from the body.
Pancreas
The pancreas is an elongated gland that is below the
stomach. The pancreas produces________________. The
pancreas makes enzymes which are released into the small
intestine to break down the food. The enzymes neutralize
the hydrochloric acid from the stomach and stimulates the
liver into producing bile and secretes insulin which
transports sugar.
Gallbladder
The gallbladder is a small sac on the underside of the right
lobe of the liver. When there is no food in the small intestine
bile from the liver is sent to the gall bladder where it is stored
in a concentrated form, to be released when food enters the
digestive tract.
5. Small Intestine
(1) the duodenum, a receiving area for
chemicals and partially digested food
from the stomach
(2) the jejunum, where most of the
nutrients are absorbed into the blood
(3) the ileum, where the remaining
nutrients are absorbed before moving
into the large intestine.
Absorption
Lining the small intestine are millions of fingers called ___________. These absorb the
chemicals that we need from the food into the body. It is at this point the food is actually in the
body.
Appendix
The appendix has no function in modern humans; however it is believed to have been
part of the digestive system in our primitive ancestors.
6. Large Intestine
Waste products and food that are not absorbed in the small intestine pass into the large
intestine. This waste material is called feces. The large intestine is only five feet long but is
larger in diameter than the small intestine. The large intestine includes the colon.
In the large intestine, feces are formed from water, undigested food and bacteria. Water is
absorbed back into the body so the waste material becomes more solid as it travels through the
colon. It may take as long as twenty hours for food to pass completely through the large
intestine.