Download How drinkwater is purified in The Netherlands?

How drinkwater is purified in
The Netherlands.
SUB-TOPICS:
-THE PROCES
-HEALTH
-THE COSTS
-DISINFECTION
-THE DANGER OF DRUGS IN OUR BODY
Proem.
 Waterpurify is to remove other matrial out of the
water, so you have clean water to drink.
 The drinkwater is made of ground- and surface water
but if you don’t clean the water, you have got the
organic- and chemical substances, and they’re very
dangerous for your health. We’ll tell more about this
subject later on.
 We also going to tell about the costs of waterpurify.
The proces of the purify of drinkwater.
 There are a lot of methods to purify the water. The
most used methods to purify the water are:
- aeration
- fast and slow sand filtration
- active carbon filtration
-removal of bacteria, viruses, and salts by means of
membrane filtration
-disinfection by treatment with ozone UV light or
chlorine.
Health.
 If you use medicans you’ll pie a part of the medicans out, so it
will come into the sewer.
 The water out of sewer will be purified but they can’t remove
all of the parts of the medicans, so there will always be
stubstances of medicans in our drinkwater.
 In the Netherlands we use a lot of antibiotics, so this come
also in our drinkwater. Our bodies react on antibiotics.
 Because we use many drugs in the Netherlands there is a lot in
our drinking water. Because we get a lot to do with drinking
those substances our bodies regularly and the body becomes
accustomed to those substances, that wouldn’t help to from
diseases. Our bodies will be accustomed to those substances,
so we get drugs in our body that could not help us against
diseases later.
The costs of waterpurify.
 The cost for a technique or a combination of these
techniques is determined by a large number of
conditions, where the free market principle is the
most important and most difficult to handle factor.
All this will lead to that good calculations who are to
be carried out, but that is retained. A certain
bandwidth also in the literature, are cost of water
treatment and accurate not fully documented.
Disinfection
 Disinfection is accomplished both by filtering out
harmful micro-organisms and also by adding disinfectant
chemicals. Water is disinfected to kill
any pathogens which pass through the filters and to
provide a residual dose of disinfectant to kill or inactivate
potentially harmful micro-organisms in the storage and
distribution systems. Possible pathogens
include viruses, bacteria, including
Salmonella, Cholera, Campylobacter and Shigella,
and protozoa, Giardia lamblia and other cryptosporidia.
Following the introduction of any chemical disinfecting
agent, the water is usually held in temporary storage
often called a contact tank or clear well to allow the
disinfecting action to complete.
Solar water disinfection
 One low-cost method of disinfecting water that can
often be implemented with locally available
materials is solar disinfection(SODIS). Unlike
methods that rely on firewood, it has low impact on
the environment.
 One recent study has found that the Salmonella
which would reproduce quickly during subsequent
dark storage of solar-disinfected water could be
controlled by the addition of just 10 parts per million
of hydrogen peroxide.
Chlorine disinfection
 The most common disinfection method involves some form of
chlorine or its compounds such as chloramine or chlorine dioxide.
Chlorine is a strong oxidant that rapidly kills many harmful microorganisms. Because chlorine is a toxic gas, there is a danger of a
release associated with its use. This problem is avoided by the use of
sodium hypochlorite, which is a relatively inexpensive solution that
releases free chlorine when dissolved in water. The generation of
liquid sodium hypochlorite is both inexpensive and safer than the
use of gas or solid chlorine.
 All forms of chlorine are widely used, despite their respective
drawbacks. One drawback is that chlorine from any source reacts
with natural organic compounds in the water to form potentially
harmful chemical by-products. These by-products, trihalomethanes
(THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), are both carcinogenic in large
quantities and are regulated by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and the Drinking Water Inspectorate in
the UK.
The danger of drugs in our drinking water
 Medicines trough the urine and feces of patients end
up in the sewage and then also in the drinking water.
The concentration of drug in the drinking water is
too low to be harmful to people. What people
undetected get through drinking water is about 1000
times less than what patients are deliberately taken
in swallowing medication.
 However, the long term effects of exposure to such
low concentrations of drugs or mixtures of such
agents is unknown.
THE END!
 Made by
 Jayanthi Ramfulsing H4C
 Jessica Platen H4B
 Quinty Spiering H4B