Download The Colonies

THE
COLONIES
NORTHERN, MIDDLE, AND SOUTHERN
COLONIES
CREATE YOUR NEW
COLONY
You have found a new colony-congratulations!
Now you have some decisions to make:
1. Economy-How will you make $$?
2. Government-How will it be structured?
3. Social/cultural aspects-what are they? What is life like?
Are there social classes?
4. ANALYZE: for each colony presented-how long will they
last, and why?
QUESTIONS TO
CONSIDER
1. Why might diverse groups of people have to agree upon
shared values and principles in order to form and
maintain a viable political and economic system?
2. The foundations of a nation’s political and economic
system often develops from the values and beliefs of its
settlers. How
would the social, cultural, and
political ideologies of the colonists
contribute to the foundation for the
American political and economic
system?
COLONIES & CHARTERS
• Colony: a group of people in
one place who are ruled by a
parent country elsewhere
• Charter: a written document
granting land and the authority
to set up a government
WHY SETTLE?
COLONISTS
• Political: civil war, tyranny, and political unrest
convinced many colonists that life would be better
abroad in the New World
• English Civil War (1642-1645)
• Beheading of Charles I, 1649
• Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)
• Economic: overpopulation in England caused
agriculture to diminish and there were less job
opportunities for the English. Feudalism continued
to be a driving force, as lords fenced in lands and
peasants could not find work in the cities.
COLONISTS, CONT’D
• Religious Persecution: Henry XIII established the
Church of England as the official religion of
England. This made it very difficult for other
religious groups to practice religion, including
Puritans and Catholics.
• Daughter Elizabeth I furthered persecution by
making the Anglican Church the established
religion of England.
• Great Puritan Migration: 1625-1628
GEOGRAPHIC IMPACT
• How did the topography of the different regions of the 13
colonies and the reasons the colonists immigrated
influence the economic development of the different
regions?
• Answer with a partner (5 bullet points)
LIST OF COLONIES
New England
Colonies
New
Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle
Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Southern
Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
NEW ENGLAND
COLONIES
• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Connecticut
• Rhode Island
NEW ENGLAND
• A diversified economy developed in the North with a focus
on trade, shipbuilding, furs, fishing, and iron production.
• Industries led to a growth of cities and the problems
associated with cities:
• Sanitation
• Overcrowding
• Merchants and Business Owners were the most powerful
members of society.
• The Puritans in the New England Colonies were less
tolerant of other religious groups.
• Rocky Soil and cold weather prevented heavy farming in
New England. Instead, settlers only had small
subsistence farms.
NEW ENGLAND
Massachusetts
• Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620 as a joint-stock
company and other Puritans founded Boston in 1630.
• Massachusetts was a theocracy—religious beliefs served
as law and religious leaders had the most authority
Rhode Island
• Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams as a haven
for the Baptists. Roger Williams advocated for fair
treatment of the Native Americans and some religious
tolerance, after he and Anne Hutchinson were expelled
from Massachusetts for their religious beliefs.
NEW ENGLAND
Connecticut
• New Haven, Connecticut was founded by
Thomas Hooker after he left Massachusetts in
search of more freedom
• Residents of Connecticut formed the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, effectively
the first Constitution in the western world.
New Hampshire
• New Hampshire broke away from Massachusetts
MIDDLE COLONIES
• New York
• Pennsylvania
• New Jersey
• Delaware
MIDDLE COLONIES
•
The Middle Colonies had the
most fertile soil in 13
colonies.
•
They were referred to as the
Bread Basket Colonies
because many different types
of grain were produced in the
area.
•
Immigration in 1700’s led to a
diverse population.
•
Haven for religious
minorities:
•
•
•
Quakers
Methodists
Moravians
MIDDLE COLONIES
Pennsylvania
• Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn, a
Quaker seeking religious freedom. He founded
Philadelphia in 1682. Non-Quakers were allowed
to live in Pennsylvania and practice their religion
freely.
New York
• Originally New Amsterdam, New York was taken
over by the British Duke of York and renamed
New York.
MIDDLE COLONIES
New Jersey
• The land of New Jersey was granted to two
proprietors. One of those proprietors was from
Jersey and named the land New Jersey.
Delaware
• Delaware was founded by Swedes and granted
by Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania used area for
access to the Atlantic Ocean.
SOUTHERN COLONIES
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Maryland
• Maryland was founded as a haven for Catholics and
named after Queen Mary
• The assembly of the Maryland colony created the
Maryland Toleration Act, protecting the rights of an array
of religions in Maryland, although England was not in
support of this decision.
Virginia
• Jamestown was founded in 1607 by the British as a
tobacco town
• Jamestown was the very first permanent European
settlement in present-day America. Originally founded as a
joint-stock colony by the Virginia Co., bankruptcy returned
the colony to the British Crown.
SOUTHERN COLONIES
North & South Carolina
• The Carolinas were founded as one unit, Carolina, in the
1660’s. A charter from Charles II allowed for the creation
of the colony. Once split, each area had 8 proprietors. The
charter was eventually surrendered to the British crown.
Georgia
• Georgia was originally founded by James Oglethorpe in
the 1730’s as a prison state and a buffer between the
British settlements and Spanish Florida. Oglethorpe
wanted to reform the prison system by offering prisoners
opportunities for redemption.
SOUTHERN COLONIES
• The southern colonies had an economy
focused on the plantation model.
Plantations produced Cash Crops—plants
grown for profit, not subsistence (cotton,
tobacco, etc.)
• Wealthy Planters and Landowners
dominated economic, social and political
life.
• The South’s system of plantations
demanded more workers than immigration
and indentured servants provided.
WORKFORCE
Originally, Southern Colonies used Indentured
Servants to work on plantations and farms.
• agreed to work for planters in the colonies in
exchange for passage to America
• serve for a predetermined number of years
(usually 7 years) and then gain freedom at the
end of that time.
• African Slaves became the primary source of
plantation labor; served lifelong terms and did
not choose to come to the colonies.
THE MIDDLE PASSAGE
• African Slave traders from
the West Coast of Africa
captured other Africans from
the interior of Africa
• Only one half of Slaves
survived the forced
migration
• African Slave Traders gave
Slaves to the Europeans in
exchange for weapons and
other goods.
It is estimated that 1/3 of slaves starting the Middle
Passage died en route to the Americas
TRIANGULAR TRADE
CONTROL:
NAVIGATION ACTS
• The colonies were beginning to prosper. Who gets the
wealth? Who deserves to rule?
• 1651: England’s Parliament passed a series of laws known
as the Navigation Acts
• These laws restricted the colonies shipping and trade
• Ships, destinations, crews, goods: all strictly regulated by
the English
• Problem? The colonies were developing a spirit of selfdetermination. They were NOT happy with these
restrictions.
COLONIES COMPARED
TO ENGLAND
How were the colonies better off? Worse off? Answer with a
partner (bullet points)
• Better off economically-trade, crops, etc.
• Indian Attacks
• Higher standard of living (+/-)
• Religious and political freedom (always?)
• More economic opportunity “American Dream”
(everyone?)
• Same rights as the British (as stated in the Jamestown
Charter)
• 3000 miles away from the King (+/-)
‘ELLO GOV’NAH!
1. Choose your colony
2. Host a convention of your peers where you will extol the
virtues of life, commerce, and natural resources that
make your colony a great place to live (accurate info)
3. BE CONVINCING-entertain me with your writing skills!
4. Write a keynote address to be delivered at the governor’s
convention at the end of class (or TOMORROW if not
finished)
AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL
What is the American Dream?
Explain in your own words
(think political, economic,
social, religious, etc)
ENLIGHTENED
MATCHING/DEFINE
Republicanism/ Civic Virtue
Hobbes
“Majority isn’t the best”
Montesquieu
Natural Laws, Inalienable Rights
Plato
Separation of Government
Voltaire
Free Speech
Machiavelli
“For the Common Good”
Aristotle
Give up Rights for the Collective
Locke
ENLIGHTENED
INFLUNCES
1.
Plato: believed that government should create good for all
collectively and that all individuals needed to give up certain
things for the good of all citizens
2.
Aristotle: Ideal governments should be concerned with the
common good or common interest
3.
Machiavelli: believed in "republicanism" and "civic virtue"
where citizens act for the common good and they would put
their selfish desires aside
4.
Hobbes: believed in "natural laws" where in nature before
people formed by a society, preexisting principles arise.
Believed in social contract.
CON’T
5. Locke: Believed that all men are created equal and that people
should have the freedom to act. He believed in social contract
between the people and their government and that there should
be a limit to government. Also believed in Constitutionalism
6. Montesquieu: believed in separation of power and that there
should be 3 branches of government: legislative, executive, and
judicial (checks and balances)
7. Rousseau: Agreed with Locke but didn't think that the
majority would always act for the common good. Believed that
the role of the government was to ensure that the common good
or general welfare was protected.
ENLIGHTENMENT IN AMERICA
1. Define Enlightenment in 3-5 words.
2. Explain the political/social impact that the
Enlightenment had on Europe and the New World.
3. Who was Roger Williams? How did he help shape
a new vision for the New World?
4. What ideals influenced the beginnings of
America? Are they still present today?
5. What is an Enlightened Despot? Give examples.
6. What is the greatest irony of the Enlightenment?
Explain.
7. Why is the Enlightenment important to America’s
history?
COLONIAL SET UP
1. Royal Colonies: Monarch selects the governor and
appoints the members of the governor’s council (upper
house). Qualified voters elect the colonial assembly
(lower house). 8 colonies-who? GA, SC, NC, VA, NJ, NY,
MA, NH
2. Proprietary Colonies: Proprietor selects the governor and
eligible voters elect the colonial assembly. 3 colonieswho? Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania
3. Self-Governing Colonies: Colonists directly or indirectly
elect governor and both members of legislature. 2
colonies-who? Connecticut, Rhode Island
QUESTIONS TO
CONSIDER
• What four words describe the people in the painting?
• These people are on a ship. Where might they be going?
Why might they be traveling there?
• The men are signing a document called the Mayflower
Compact. What do you think the document might be
about?
• Five founding ideals of the United States are equality,
rights, liberty, opportunity, and democracy. Which of these
ideals seem to be represented in the painting? Support
your answer with specific details from the painting.
• What details in the painting seem to contradict the
founding ideals? Explain your ideas.
ADVERTISEMENT
Native Americans
African Slaves
ACCESS PRIOR
KNOWLEDGE
• Use what we have learned about Northern and Southern
colonies to complete this assignment
• In the rectangle, create an advertisement encouraging
British settlers and indentured servants to come to the
colonies. Use simple images and a few phrases to make
your message clear.
•
On the left, write what a Native American might be
thinking about the colonists that your advertisement will
bring to North America.
• On the right, write what an enslaved African might be
thinking about your advertisement.
ACTIVITY
Draw this table in your
notebook
Fill in the date for each
event.
In blue book: read p. 2324 for information. Add
the following to your list:
Mayflower Compact,
Town Meetings, and
Fund. Orders of Conn.
Cut the seven icons from
your handout, and tape
each icon into your table
for the event it best
represents. Then
describe their effect on
American Rights/Gov’t.
CONTINUED
VA House of Burgess, 1619: Landowning white males elect
representatives to a colonial legislature (House of B). First
elected legislature, first representative gov’t in New World.
Town Meetings: centered around the church; only free,
property owning men participated; example of direct
democracy and training for self-government
Fundamental Orders of CT, 1639: Thomas Hooker, first
official, successful written constitution in the New World;
rested upon the consent of the governed (with property)
ACTIVITY 2
Next to EACH founding ideal,
Place TWO events that affected
that ideal.
QUESTIONS TO
CONSIDER
1.
What type of economic system existed
in colonial America?
2.
Who profited?
3.
How does the Enlightenment and the
“American Dream” affect this system?
4.
What is revolution?
ECONOMICS
Economic Idea: Mercantilism
Decrease imports, increase exports (GOLD/SILVER)
ISSUES
1. Mercantilism: positives and negatives
2. Salutary Neglect: positives and
negatives
3. Navigation Acts: positives and negatives
SOCIETY IN
COLONIAL AMERICA
1. Who was the Upper Class of society? Describe
their life.
2. Who was the Middle Class of society? Describe
their life.
3. Who was the Lower Class of society? Describe
their life.
4. How easy do you think it was to move from one
society to another? Explain.
5. Using information discussed earlier in class,
how do these sources compare with our
“American Dream” ideals?
WRAPPING IT UP
ACTIVITY: Welcome Brochure
Things to know: TEST ON MONDAY
1. Factors that influenced Europeans Exploration and
Colonization
2. Why regions were different in the colonies
3. Voluntary and Involuntary Immigration Trends/Problems
4. Tensions in the Colonies
5. Decisions that impacted early America
INTOLERABLE ACTS
• What do you see? What physical details, structures,
people, colors, etc. do you notice?
• What does it appear is being done to the man in the
middle? Why do you think this is occurring?
• What do you notice about the tree?
• What do you imagine took place before this moment in
time? What lead these characters to this point?
• If this frozen image came alive, what do you predict would
happen next?
• What message is the artist trying to convey?
BATTLE OF
LEXINGTON
• What do you see? What appears to be
happening in this image?
• In your opinion, who is winning this
struggle?
• How do you think this situation will end?
• http://www.history.com/topics/americanrevolution/battles-of-lexington-andconcord
WHAT TO DO?
The Second Continental Congress was convened in May of
1775. It was created to organize the defense of the colonies
at the onset of the American Revolutionary War.
Activity: Using the 2nd Continental Sheet,
discuss the situation the colonies are in. As
a group, come up with how you are going
to combat said issues. Be sure you can
back up your decisions and explain why
you have chosen to take such actions.
2ND CONTINENTAL
CONGRESS
1.
Congress created the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, to
oppose the British.
2.
They appointed General George Washington as commander‐
in‐chief the following day.
3.
On July 8, 1775, they extended the Olive Branch Petition to
the crown as an attempt at reconciliation. King George III
refused to receive it.
4.
Silas Deane was sent to France as a minister (ambassador)
of the Congress.
5.
American ports were reopened in defiance of the Navigation
Acts.
6.
Most importantly, in July 1776, they declared independence.