Download Chapter 20

Chapter 20
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
1-1
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chlamydia
• Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterium that
is spread by sexual contact and infects the
genital organs of males and females
• One of the major sexually transmitted
diseases
• Nongonococcal urethritis - refers to
chlamydia infection in males
1-2
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Symptoms
• Male: thin, clear discharge and mild
discomfort on urination
• Women: asymptomatic
• Treatment - curable with azithromycin or
doxycycline
• Prevention - screening, consistent use of a
condom
1-3
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
HPV
• Human papilloma virus - causes genital
warts
• Diagnosis - inspection of the warts, analysis
of DNA
• Treatment - podophyllin acid, cryotherapy,
laser therapy
• Vaccine - currently being tested
1-4
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Genital Herpes
• A disease of the genital organs caused by
the herpes simplex virus Type II
• Symptoms - small, painful bumps or blisters
on the genitals on vaginal lips on females
and penis on males
• 45 million Americans (22%) are infected
• Treatment - no cure; drug acyclovir
prevents or reduces symptoms
1-5
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Long-Term Consequences
• Complications such as meningitis or
narrowing of the urethra, increases risk of
becoming infected with HIV, risk of
transferring virus from mother to infant in
childbirth
• Psychological aspects - help patients learn
to cope with disease
1-6
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
HIV Infection and AIDS
• AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• HIV - human immune deficiency virus; the virus
that causes AIDS
1-7
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
HIV Infection and AIDS
• An epidemic? Dec. 1997 more than 640,000
persons in the U.S. have been diagnosed with
AIDS
• Transmission - exchange of body fluids,
contaminated blood, contaminated needles,
infected woman to baby during pregnancy or
childbirth
1-8
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
The Virus
• HIV is one of a group of retroviruses
• The disease - 4 classes of HIV infection:
–
–
–
–
Initial infection
Asymptomatic carrier state
Lymphadenopathy - symptoms develop
AIDS
• Diagnosis - ELISA, Western blot or
immunoblot method
1-9
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Treatment
•
•
•
•
•
1-10
No cure for AIDS
AZT - antiviral drug
DDI
Protease inhibitors
Pentamidine
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Women, Children, Ethnic
Minorities, and AIDS
• About 90% of the cases of AIDS in the U.S. have
been men
• Number of infected women is rising rapidly
• 9.2 million women worldwide are infected with
HIV
• Psychological considerations in AIDS - need for
sensitivity
• Recent progress in AIDS research - work on
vaccine, research on nonprogressors, Chemokines
1-11
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gonorrhea
• Also called clap or drip; caused by a
bacterium
• Symptoms - puslike discharge and painful,
burning urination in male but asymptomatic
in female
• Diagnosis - sample of discharge is
examined
• Treatment - antibiotic such as ceftriaxon
1-12
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Syphilis
• Caused by a bacterium
• Symptoms - chancre
• Stages:
–
–
–
–
1-13
Primary
Secondary
Latent
Late
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Diagnosis
• Physical exam, exam fluid from chancre
• Blood tests - VDRL; Venereal Disease
Research Laboratory of the U.S. Public
Health Service
• Treatment - penicillin
• Elimination of syphilis? Not eliminated as
of yet
1-14
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Viral Hepatitis
• A disease of the liver
• Symptom - enlarged liver that is somewhat
tender
• 5 types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, B, C,
D, and E
• Treatment - rest, vaccine for hepatitis B
1-15
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Pubic Lice
• Also called crabs
• Tiny lice that attach to the base of pubic
hairs and feed on blood from their human
host
• Symptom - itching
• Treatment - lindane
1-16
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Preventing STDs
• Limit oneself to monogamous relationships
• Condoms can help
• Careful washing
1-17
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Other Genital Infections
•
•
•
•
•
Vaginitis - vaginal inflammation
Monilia - yeast infection
Trichomoniasis
Nonspecific vaginitis
Cystitis - infection of the urinary bladder in
women
• Prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate
gland
1-18
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.