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Transcript
The Eye and Common Eye Conditions Dr. Corina van de Pol UyThien Phan VN Hope 2017 Key Parts of the Eye Eyelids & Tears • Protect the eye • Distribute the tear layer over the eye (keeping the eye moist). Dry Eye • Very common condition – Symptoms • Irritation • Tearing – Signs • Red eye • Thickened lids Dry Eye • Treatments – Artificial Tears – Lid hygeine Cornea • Clear or transparent part of the front of the eye. • The major refracting surface of the eye. • Accounts for 2/3rds the refractive power of the eye. Common Corneal Conditions • Corneal Infection – Symptoms • Pain • Blurry vision • Discharge – Signs • Red, swollen eye • White areas on cornea Common Corneal Conditions • Treatment – Culture, if possible – Antibiotics Common Corneal Conditions • Corneal Scar – Symptoms • Reduced visual acuity – Signs • Hazy area on cornea • Treatment? Common Corneal Conditions • Keratoconus Common Corneal Conditions • Keratoconus – Symptoms • Changing vision (myopia/astigmati sm) – Signs • “pointy” cornea • Thinning central cornea Keratoconus • Treatment – Contact Lenses • Rigid • Scleral – Corneal Transplant Conjunctiva • Lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white (sclera) of the eye • Protects and lubricates Common Conjunctival Conditions • Pterygium – Symptoms • Irritation • Reduced Vision (astigmatism) – Signs • Triangular tissue growth onto cornea Pterygium • Treatment – UV Protection (SUNGLASSES) – Artificial Tears – Steroids – Surgery Common Conjunctival Conditions • Pinguecula – Symptoms • Irritation – Signs • Small clear or reddish bump next to cornea • Treatment – Artificial Tears – UV Protection Common Conjunctival Conditions • Conjunctivitis – Bacterial vs Viral vs Allergic Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis • Treatment – Antibiotics -- Antivirals Iris & Pupil • Iris = “colored” part of the eye. • The opening at the center of the iris is the pupil. • Controls the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting. Pupil Common Pupil Condition • Anisocoria – Symptoms • Usually none • Double vision* – Signs • Different size pupils • Ptosis (eyelid droop)* • Eye muscle palsy* *IF ANY SYMPTOMS OR SIGNS – REFER! Crystaline Lens of the Eye • Accounts for 1/3rd the refractive power of the eye. • Changes shape in order to change focus for near objects. ACCOMMODATION Cataracts • Symptoms – Reduced vision • Signs – Opacity in the crystalline lens Intraocular Lens (IOL) Retina • The thin sensory layer at the back of the eye. • Captures light and converts it to neural signals. • Functions like the film in a camera. Posterior Pole and Macula Common Retinal Conditions • Retinal Detachment – Symptoms • Flashes of light • Floaters • “Veil” over vision – Signs • Elevated retinal tissue Retinal Detachment • Treatment – Reattach the Retina (Surgical) • Scleral Buckle • Laser Procedure Common Retinal Conditions • Macular Degeneration Common Retinal Conditions • Macular Degeneration – Symptoms • Reduced vision • Distorted vision – Signs • Patches of scarring in macula • Blood or fluid (“wet” type ARMD) Macular Degeneration • Treatment – Prevention is best • UV protection • Anti-oxidants (green vegetables) – Laser treatment to fix “wet” AMD leakage Common Retinal Conditions • Diabetic Retinopathy – Symptoms • Reduced vision • Distorted vision – Signs • Edema • Hemorrhages Diabetic Retinopathy • Treatment – Prevention is best! • Control Diabetes – Laser treatment to reduce vessel growth (Pan-retinal photocoagulation – PRP) Optic Nerve • Part of the brain. • Connects the eye to the brain with over 1 millions nerve fibers from the retina. Optic Nerve Common Optic Nerve Conditions • Optic Atrophy – Symptoms • Reduced vision • Difficulty with colors – Signs • Pale optic nerve – Need to look for underlying cause • Glaucoma • Trauma • Inflammation Common Optic Nerve Conditions • Papilledema – Symptoms • Headaches – Signs • Swollen disc – Underlying cause • Increased intracranial pressure -needs neuro exam to find source Common Optic Nerve Conditions • Glaucoma – Symptoms • Might be none • Reduced vision • Pain – Signs • Increased IOP • Visual field loss • Corneal cloudiness Common Optic Nerve Conditions • Glaucoma Glaucoma • Treatment – Lower intraocular pressure • Topical meds • Oral meds • Surgery In Summary • The ocular exam can reveal many conditions • The main tools you need for initial diagnosis are: – The history! – Ophthalmoscopy – Slit lamp or other magnification • Other tools include: – Tonometer (pressure check) – Visual Field Questions?
