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Levels of Biological Organization
Background: In unicellular (single-celled) organisms, the single cell performs all life functions. It
functions independently. However, multicellular (many-celled) organisms have various levels of
organization within them. Individual cells may perform specific functions and also work together for the
good of the entire organism. The cells become dependent on one another.
Activity 1: Use the descriptions on your handout to determine which level of organization (organelle,
tissue, organ, system, etc.) is being described. Write the level of organization in the parentheses
provided above the picture.
Activity 2: After reviewing the different levels of organization, use your handout to help you fill in the
following chart by selecting the example that meets the requirement listed. (Hint: You will need to use
“epithelial tissue” twice to complete the chart).
some tissues more than once. *Each box will be filled with 1 term.
Organelle
Protects by forming
a selective barrier
Breaks down food
for energy
Removes waste
Provides means of
transportation
Gives structural
support
Controls and
coordinates actions
Tissue
Organ
System
Cell Membrane (___________)
Bladder (___________)
Lysosomes (___________)
This
organelle
a selectively
This
cell
part is aisbarrier
that
controls what
goes
and outwhat
of
permeably
barrier
thatincontrols
the cell.
goes in and out of the cell.
The
hollow, muscular
muscular
Thebladder
bladder is
is aa hollow,
organ
that
collects
urine
from the
organ that collects urine excreted
by
kidneys before disposal by
the kidneys before disposal by
urination.
urination.
Lysosomes
organelles
that
Lysosomes
areare
cell
parts that
contain proteins
enzymes that
to break
down
and
contain
break
down
and remove
waste
in
the
cell.
remove waste in the
Mitochondria (___________)
Skin (___________)
Microtubules (___________)
Mitochondria are the site of
Mitochondria
are the in
sitewhich
of cellular
cellular respiration
respiration
in which are
sugar
molecules
sugar molecules
broken
down
to
release
energy.
are broken down to release energy.
The skin is the largest organ of the
The skin is the largest organ. It
integumentary system. It protects the
protects muscles, bones, and
underlying
muscles,
bones,
and at
organs.
It helps
keep our
bodies
organs
well contributing
heat
the
rightas
temperature.
The to
skin
also
gives
us
the
sense
of
touch.
regulation and sensory perception.
Microtubules serve as part of the
Microtubules are part of the cell’s
cell’s system of structural support.
system of structural support. They
They
are cell
alsoshape.
involved in the process
give the
of cellular division.
Cardiac (___________)
Digestive (___________)
Nervous (___________)
Coordinated contractions of cardiac
This group of cells in the heart
tissue
in the
heart pump
blood
pump
blood
throughout
the
body.
throughout the body.
Although digestive systems take
This
groupinoforganisms
organs work
many forms
throughout
together to break down food so
the
world,
the
main
function
that it can be used for energyofby
digestion
the
body. is to break down food so
that it can be used for energy by the
body.
Epithelial (___________)
Skeletal (___________)
Epithelial tissue is located on the very
This collection of cells is located on
outside
an organism
(i.e. skin) as
the
very of
outside
of an organism
as
well
as
in
the
lining
of
hollow
organs
well as the lining of hollow organs
such
asasthe
to
such
thebladder.
bladder.ItItsserves
purposes
protect.
include protection and secretion.
The skeletal system is a rigid
The
skeletal
system
framework
to which
theprovides
softer tissues
support for the body where softer
and organs of the body are attached.
tissue and organs are attatched.
It provides protection and structural
support for the body.
c
Nervous tissue is the main
This
collection
of nerve
cells
form
component
of the
brain and
spinal
the brain and spinal cord which
cord which regulate and control body
control body functions.
functions.
Urinary (___________)
The urinary system produces, stores,
and eliminates urinary waste.
This collection of organs work
Through
this process, the body is able
together to produce, store and
to eliminate
regulate electrolyte
balance as well
urinary waste.
as maintain a healthy pH level.
Nucleus (___________)
Brain (___________)
Bones are rigid organs that form part
Bones
are rigid organs
that help
of the endoskeleton
of vertebrates.
organisms to move. Bones also
They help to move, support and
help support and protect the
protect
body. the body as well as producing
red and white blood cells.
ThisThis
cellorganelle
part contains
the cell’s
contains the cell’s genetic
material
(DNA)
andtherefore
therefore
genetic material (DNA) and
controls the cell’s activities.
controls the cell’s activities.
In most
vertebrate
animals,
the brain
The
brain
is the central
organ
of
is the
centralsystem.
organ ofIt the
nervous
the
nervous
controls
the
other
systems
of the
system.
It controls
thebody
otherby
systems
either
controlling
muscles
or
of the body by either activating
releasing chemicals.
muscles or releasing chemicals.
Heart (___________)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (__________)
The heart is a muscular organ found
The heart is a muscular organ
in all
withwith
a circulatory
found
in animals
all animals
a
system. It issystem.
responsible
pumping
circulatory
It is for
responsible
for
pumping
blood the
throughout
the
blood
throughout
body through
body.
the use of coordinated contractions.
The endoplasmic reticulum is an
organelle thatreticulum
forms an is an
The endoplasmic
interconnected
network
tubules
organelle
that serves
toof
transport
newly
thatmade
serve proteins.
to transport newly
synthesized proteins.
Circulatory (___________)
Connective (___________)
Nervous (___________)
This system transports nutrients
(gases,
hormones,
etc.) nutrients
carried in
This
system
transports
carried
in blood
blood and
lymphthroughout
throughoutthe
the
body.
It
is
powered
by
involuntary
body. It is powered by the involuntary
contractions of the heart.
contractions of the heart.
Connective tissue is made of a
Connective tissue is made up of
network
proteinstructural
fibers thatsupport.
provide
cells
thatofprovide
structural
Bone,
Bone,
blood, support.
cartilage,
andblood,
fat are
the
four main
connective
cartilage,
andtypes
fat areofthe
four main
tissue.types of connective tissue.
This
system
of
This
systemcontains
contains aa network of
specialized
calledneurons
neuronsthat
and
specializedcells
cells called
organs that control actions by
coordinate actions by transmitting
sending signals thoughout the body.
signals throughout the body.
Integumentary (___________)
Smooth Muscle (___________)
The integumentary system consists of
The integumentary system consists
its and
appendages
of the
the skin
skin,and
hair,
nails. It (hair,
serves
feathers,
nails,
etc.).
serves
to protect
the
body
as It
well
as to
detect
pain,
and
protect
thesensation,
body as well
to detect
pressure.
pain, sensation, and pressure.
Smoothmuslce
tissue istissue
able toiscontract
Smooth
able to on
contract
on
its
own
without
a signal
its own without a signal from
the
from
the
brain.
These
involuntary
brain. These involuntary contractions
contractions help organs such as
help organs such as the stomach and
the stomach to break down and
intestines
break down
move
move
food to
throughout
theand
digestive
food through the digestion process.
system.
Bones (___________)
Stomach (___________)
The stomach is a muscular, hollow
The
stomach
is awith
muscular,
hollow
organ
that works
the digestive
organ
that
works
with
the
digestive
system. It releases enzymes and
system. It releases strong acids
strong acids that help to break down
that help to break down food.
food to release useable energy.