Download Digestive System Review

Digestive System Review
1. Name the primary organs of the digestive system in the order that food passes
through them.
MOUTH, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE
INTESTINE, ANUS
2. For each organ, describe role that it plays in digestion.
MOUTH-WHERE DIGESTION BEGINS (MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL)
ESOPHAGUS-TUBE THAT CONNECTS THE MOUTH TO THE STOMACH
STOMACH- CHURNS AND MIXES THE FOOD, FORMS CHYME
SMALL INTESTINE-DIGESTING FATS, SUGARS, STARCHES, AND
PROTEINS AS WELL AS ABSORBING NUTRIENTS
LARGE INTESTINE- WATER, SALT, AND MINERALS ARE ABSORBED
HERE, AND SOLID WASTE IS PRODUCED
ANUS- OPENING WHERE SOLID WASTE LEAVES THE BODY
3. For each organ explain how the structure is related to the function it performs.
MOUTH- HAS TEETH, SALIVA, AND TONGUE
ESOPHAGUS- LONG “TRANSPORTATION” TUBE
STOMACH- J-SHAPED MUSCULAR ORGAN WITH ACCORDIAN FOLDS
SMALL INTESTINE- CONTAIN VILLI (TINY, FINGER-LIKE PROJECTIONS)
AND MICROVILLI
LARGE INTESTINE- CONTAIN BACTERIA WHICH BREAK DOWN FIBER
ANUS- OPENING WHERE WASTE LEAVES THE BODY
4. For each organ list any chemicals secreted by the organ that affect digestion and
what specific role the chemical performs.
MOUTH- SALIVA (BEGINS CHEMICAL DIGESTION-TURNS STARCH INTO
SUGAR)
STOMACH- MUCUS, ENZYMES, HYDROCHLORIC ACID (USED TO BREAK
DOWN FOOD INTO CHYME), HORMONES
5. Name the accessory organs of the digestive system, then answer questions 2-4 for
each.
LIVER- PRODUCES BILE (USED TO DIGEST FATS)
GALL BLADDER- STORES BILE (UNTIL NEEDED)
PANCREAS- PRODUCES ENZYMES (SUCH AS INSULIN) TO BREAK DOWN
PROTEINS, STARCHES, AND FATS
6. Be able to label a blank copy of the digestive system including all organs and
structures.
USE YOUR DIAGRAM
7. Explain where and how each of the following nutrients is digested: fats, proteins,
starches, fiber.
FATS- LIVER PRODUCES BILE WHICH BREAKS DOWN FAT
PROTEINS- BROKEN DOWN IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
STARCHES- SALIVA BEGINS THE BREAK DOWN PROCESS AND TURNS IT
INTO SUGAR (GLUCOSE)
FIBER- BACTERIA IN THE LARGE INTESTINE BREAK IT DOWN
8. Name and explain 2 ways the digestive system can protect itself and the rest of the
body.
MUCUS PROTECTS THE STOMACH LINING
WATER IS REABSORBED FROM THE LARGE INTESTINE BACK INTO THE
BODY
9. Tell where mechanical and chemical digestion begin. Where does the majority of
each take place?
MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL DIGESTION BEGINS IN THE MOUTH
MAJORITY OF MECHANICAL DIGESTION OCCURS IN THE STOMACH
MAJORITY OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION OCCURS IN THE SMALL
INTESTINE
10. What are villi and microvilli? Where are they located and what function do they
perform?
VILLI- TINY FINGER-SHAPED STRUCTURES THAT COVER THE INNER
SURFACE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AND PROVIDE A LARGE SURFACE
AREA THROUGH WHICH DIGESTED FOOD IS ABSORBED
MICROVILLI- TINY HAIR-LIKE PROJECTIONS THAT SURROUND THE VILLI
11. What is peristalsis and what is its role in digestion?
PERISTALSIS- INVOLUNTARY, WAVELIKE MUSCLE ACTION THAT
MOVES FOOD THROUGH THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
12. Study the digestive system notes that you used during the Lab Practical.