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Biological Systems in
Humans
Jason Yang
For Exercise Science
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Click on a Biological System to learn more about it:
Circulatory
Integumentary
Skeletal
Digestive
Muscular
Nervous
Immune
Respiratory
Urinary
Review Question
Circulatory System
Quick facts about the circulatory system:
• Also called cardiovascular system.
• Functions include circulating blood and nutrients such as amino acids,
electrolytes, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones.
• Organs include the heart, blood, arteries, veins, and other secondary
organs which serve various secondary function such as cleansing the
blood.
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Integumentary System
Quick facts about the integumentary system:
• System that protects the body from various outside threats.
• The skin is the primary organ in this system with secondary organs
such as hair, nails, and various glands which maintain homeostasis.
• Functions include protection from bacteria, viruses, pathogens;
regulation of water loss/gain; houses receptors for touch; and
provides a cushion for bones and vital organs.
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Skeletal System
Quick facts about the Skeletal system:
• The skeletal system provides structure and support for our body. Also
serves as attachment points for muscles.
• This system includes the bones, cartilages, ligaments, tendons, and
teeth. Ligaments provide support between bones while tendons
connect bone to muscles.
• There are roughly 206 bones in the human body. Long bones such as
the femur, produce erythrocytes in their medullary cavity.
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Digestive System
Quick facts about the digestive system:
• This system, as it name suggests, digests the food we consume and
break them down mechanically and chemically. This is a very
complicated process that takes 10-12 hours.
• Organs and glands include: The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, and the
pancreas all play a role in disgestion.
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Urinary System
Quick facts about the urinary system:
• This system regulates fluid balance, electrolyte levels, regulate blood
pH, and urine secretion.
• Organs in this system include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder,
and urethra.
• Nephrologist are urinary system specialist. Nephrons are main
functional unit with millions in each kidneys.
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Muscular System
Quick facts about the muscular system:
• Functions of this system include movement, protection, assistance of
blood flow, produce heat, and stability/posture.
• Three distinct types of muscles: Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscles are connected to one another by intercalated disc which
allow for simultaneous contraction. Smooth muscles are non-voluntary
whereas skeletal muscles are.
• There are over 600 muscles in the human body.
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Nervous System
Quick facts about the nervous system:
• The nervous system controls and regulates different process in the body to
maintain homeostasis. Divided into central nervous system, CNS, and the
peripheral nervous system or PNS.
• The CNS consist of the brain and the spinal cord unlike the PNS which
many consist of nerves which connect the CNS to various parts of the
body.
Complex system consisting of neurons and glial cells at the cellular
level. Range of shapes and function, with many not fully
understood.
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Immune System
• Quick facts about the immune system:
• System within the body which defends against various disease-causing
pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and worms through different
processes.
• Immunity is classified into the subcategories of adaptive and innate
immunity. Innate or nonspecific system, attacks all foreign pathogens as
compared to adaptive immunity with targets specific pathogens.
• Cells of the innate system include mast cell, phagocytes, basophils,
eosinophils, natural-killer cells, and T-cell. Adaptive system cells
act as vaccines and target known pathogens.
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Respiratory System
Quick facts about the respiratory system:
• This system has various organs which contribute to the process of
respiration. Respiration in organism involve exchanging carbon dioxide for
oxygen.
• Organs in this system include the trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveolar sacs, alveoli, and diaphragm.
• Respiration is controlled by the pressure in the thorax region; when
pressure is greater than atmospheric or 760 mmHg, expiration occurs and
inspiration is the opposite.
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Review Question!
Which organ system produces the most abundant cells in the
human body(erythrocytes, or red blood cells)?
A. Digestive
B. Circulatory
C. Skeletal
While the digestive system contains many blood storing
organs, it is receives this blood from another system.
Go back and try again.
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The circulatory system circulates the blood to organs but doesn’t
actually produce the blood.
Go back and try again.
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That is correct!
The skeletal system produces the erythrocyte in their medullary
cavity.
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Congratulations! You Have
Completed This Lesson On
The Biological Systems!
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the next student. Thank You!