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eResearch Briefing 24/11/2011
Highlights in chronic disease prevention > Nutrition > Obesity > Physical activity > Public health
and the environment > Alcohol > Tobacco
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18 Items added to our Chronic Disease eLibrary in the last week:
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Highlights in chronic disease prevention

Sweden: Childhood socio-economic position and risk of coronary heart disease in
middle age: a study of 49,321 male conscripts

Japan: The relation between self-reported body weight and health-related quality
of life: a cross-sectional study in Japan

UK: The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking,
alcohol and obesity in the UK: an update to 2006-07 NHS costs
Nutrition

Europe: Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based
dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition
in Adolescence) Study

Japan: Quality of Internet information related to the Mediterranean diet

UK: The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking,
alcohol and obesity in the UK: an update to 2006-07 NHS costs

Germany: Positive impact of a pre-school-based nutritional intervention on
children's fruit and vegetable intake: results of a cluster-randomized trial

Australia: Purchase rates and energy content of nutritionally promoted and
traditional fast foods purchased at lunchtime in Australia - a pilot study
Obesity

USA: Childhood obesity and coronary heart disease

Finland: Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

UK: A systematic review to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed
to prevent overweight and obesity in pre-adolescent girls
Physical activity

China: Less exercise and more TV: leisure-time physical activity trends of
Shanghai elders, 1998-2008

Europe: Cycling for transport and public health: a systematic review of the effect of
the environment on cycling European
Public health and the environment

USA: Urban v. suburban perceptions of the neighbourhood food environment as
correlates of adolescent food purchasing
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Highlights in chronic disease prevention
Sweden: Childhood socio-economic position and risk of coronary heart disease in
middle age: a study of 49,321 male conscripts - European Journal of Public Health;
Volume 21; Issue 6; pg. 713-718. 04/11/2011
Aim: Poor social circumstances in childhood are associated with increased risk of
coronary heart disease (CHD). In previous studies, social circumstances and risk factors
in adulthood have been suggested to explain this association. In the present study, we
included potential explanatory factors from childhood and adolescence.
Conclusion: Results showed that social, cognitive and behavioural factors evident prior to
adulthood may be of greater importance in explaining the association between childhood
SEP and CHD later in life than socio-economic indicators in adulthood.
Article abstract
Japan: The relation between self-reported body weight and health-related quality of
life: a cross-sectional study in Japan - Journal of Public Health (2011) 33 (4): 518-526.
30/06/2011
Aim: Whilst being obese is associated with increased mortality, less is known about the
relationship between body weight and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to
examine this relationship in the general Japanese population, focusing on both
underweight and overweight individuals.
Conclusions: Although the differences were small, being overweight was correlated with
impaired physical HRQOL but not with mental HRQOL.
Article abstract
UK: The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking,
alcohol and obesity in the UK: an update to 2006-07 NHS costs - Journal of Public
Health (2011) 33 (4): 527-535. 11/05/2011
Aim: Estimates of the economic cost of risk factors for chronic disease to the NHS provide
evidence for prioritization of resources for prevention and public health. Previous
comparable estimates of the economic costs of poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking,
alcohol and overweight/obesity were based on economic data from 1992-93.
Conclusion: The estimates of the economic cost of risk factors for chronic disease
presented here are based on recent financial data and are directly comparable. They
suggest that poor diet is a behavioural risk factor that has the highest impact on the
budget of the NHS, followed by alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity.
Article abstract
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Nutrition
Europe: Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based
dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition
in Adolescence) Study - Public Health Nutrition, FirstView Article, 22/09/2011
Aim: Since inadequate food consumption patterns during adolescence are not only linked
with the occurrence of obesity in youth but also with the subsequent risk of developing
diseases in adulthood, the establishment and maintenance of a healthy diet early in life is
of great public health importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe
and evaluate the food consumption of a well-characterized sample of European
adolescents against food-based dietary guidelines for the first time.
Conclusion: The results urge the need to improve the dietary habits of adolescents in
order to maintain health in later life.
Article abstract
Japan: Quality of Internet information related to the Mediterranean diet - Public
Health Nutrition, FirstView Article. 19/09/2011
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of Internet information on the
Mediterranean diet and to determine the relationship between the quality of information
and the website source.
Conclusions: Due to the poor quality of website information on the Mediterranean diet,
patients or consumers who are interested in the Mediterranean diet should get advice
from physicians or dietitians.
Article abstract
UK: The public health nutrition intervention management bi-cycle: a model for
training and practice improvement - Public Health Nutrition, FirstView Article.
23/08/2011
Aim: The present paper describes a model for public health nutrition practice designed to
facilitate practice improvement and provide a step-wise approach to assist with workforce
development.
Conclusions: Public health nutrition practice is dynamic and varied, and models need to
be adaptable and applicable to practice context to have utility. The paper serves to
stimulate debate in the public health nutrition community, to encourage critical feedback
about the validity, applicability and utility of this model in different practice contexts.
Article abstract
Germany: Positive impact of a pre-school-based nutritional intervention on childern's fruit and
vegetable intake: results of a cluster-randomized trial - Public Health Nutrition, FristView
Article, 23/08/2011
Aim: To assess the short-term impact of a nutritional intervention aimed at reducing
childhood overweight in German pre-school children.
Conclusions: Nutritional interventions in pre-schools have the potential to change eating
behaviours in young children, which in the long term might reduce risk for developing
overweight.
Article abstract
Australia: Purchase rates and energy content of nutritionally promoted and
traditional fast foods purchased at lunchtime in Australia - a pilot study - Public
Health Nutrition, FirstView Article. 20/07/2011
Aim: Nutritionally promoted foods are now available at fast-food establishments. Little is
known about their popularity, who is purchasing them, or their impact on dietary intake.
Our study aimed to determine: how often nutritionally promoted fast foods were
purchased; the demographic characteristics of people purchasing these foods; and if
purchasing these foods resulted in reduced energy, and increased vegetable, content of
lunches compared with those who purchased traditional fast foods.
Conclusions: Nutritionally promoted fast foods may reduce lunchtime energy content,
however these foods were infrequently chosen.
Article abstract
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Obesity
USA: Childhood obesity and coronary heart disease - New England Journal of
Medicine 2011; 365:1927-1929. 17/11/2011
Background: Obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children in both
developed and underdeveloped countries. Despite efforts over the past decade to prevent
and control obesity, data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination
Surveys (NHANES) show that 16.3% of children and adolescents, 2 to 19 years of age,
are obese (i.e., have a body-mass index [BMI] above the 95th percentile for age and sex).
Article abstract
Finland: Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors New England Journal of Medicine 2011; 365:1876-1885. 17/11/2011
Aim: Obesity in childhood is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is uncertain
whether this risk is attenuated in persons who are overweight or obese as children but not
obese as adults.
Conclusion: Overweight or obese children who were obese as adults had increased risks
of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. The
risks of these outcomes among overweight or obese children who became nonobese by
adulthood were similar to those among persons who were never obese.
Article abstract
UK: A systematic review to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to
prevent overweight and obesity in pre-adolescent girls - Obesity Reviews, Volume 12,
Issue 12, pg. 997. 16/08/2011
Aim: Childhood overweight/obesity is recognized as an increasing health problem. The
objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to
prevent overweight and obesity in pre-adolescent girls. The papers included were those
studying children (must include results for girls) from within the 7-11 years age range from
any country and ethnic background. The included interventions lasted at least 12 weeks
and modified a combination of nutrition, physical activity, knowledge, attitudes or healthrelated behaviours associated with the development of childhood overweight and obesity.
Conclusion: There is the potential for interventions aimed at pre-adolescent girls to
reduce the risk factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity, although the
sustainability of the effects of such interventions is less clear.
Article abstract
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Physical activity
China: Less exercise and more TV: leisure-time physical activity trends of Shanghai
elders, 1998-2008 - Journal of Public Health (2011) 33 (4): 543-550. 22/04/2011
Aim: Surveillance of physical activity trends in older adults is limited in developing nations.
This study examined 10-year leisure-time physical activity trends of elderly residents of
Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the nation's highest proportion of senior citizens.
Conclusion: An increasingly sedentary lifestyle has evolved over the past decade in
Shanghai. This highlights a need for public health agencies to develop effective active
lifestyle interventions and physical activity promotion programs for local elders.
Article abstract
Europe: Cycling for transport and public health: a systematic review of the effect of
the environment on cycling European - Journal of Public Health; Volume 21; Issue 6;
pg.738-743. 06/10/2010
Aim: Active transport policies are being developed across Europe designed to have
health and environmental benefits. There is little evidence of impact on physical activity of
active transport strategies which modify the built environment. Cycling represents one
virtually carbon-neutral form of transport that can help to address declining levels of
exercise.
Conclusion: Although the study identified environmental factors with positive and
negative associations with cycling behaviour, many other types of environmental policies
and interventions have yet to be rigorously evaluated. Policies promoting cycle lane
construction appear promising but the socio-demographic distribution of their effects on
physical activity is unclear. The wider impact of active transport policies on health and
inequalities across Europe must be explored.
Article abstract
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Public health and the environment
USA: Urban v. suburban perceptions of the neighbourhood food environment as
correlates of adolescent food purchasing - Public Health Nutrition, FirstView Article.
23/11/2011
Aim: To assess the relationship between adolescent perception of time to walk to
neighbourhood food retail outlets and purchasing of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB),
fast and convenience food items, and to test for differences by urban v. suburban
environment.
Conclusion: A reduction in consumption of SSB and other energy-dense snacks is an
important obesity prevention approach. An approach offering alternatives or reducing
exposure in addition to education to alter purchasing habits may contribute to improving
dietary habits and reducing the obesity epidemic.
Article abstract
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