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AP Biology Unit 7: Animal Structure & Function Key Vocabulary Animal Tissues blood, bone, cardiac muscle, cartilage, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, simple epithelium, smooth muscle, squamous epithelium, stratified epithelium, striated muscle Animal Development acoelomate, amnion, amniotic egg, blastula, cleavage, cloning, coelom, coelomate, determinate growth, deuterostome, differentiation, diploblastic, ectoderm, endoderm, enterocoelomate, gastrula, germ layer, induction, larva, mesoderm, metamorphosis, molting, protostome, pseudocoelomate, pupa, schizocoelomate, triploblastic, zygote Animal Nutrition amylase, bile salts, catabolism, essential amino acids, complete digestive tract, essential fatty acids, filter-feeder, insulin, gall bladder, glucagon, hydrolysis, lipase, liver, microvillus, pancreas, pepsin, ruminant digestion, small intestine, stomach, trypsin, large intestine Circulation and Gas Exchange alveolus, aorta, artery, arteriole, atrium, capillary, carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer, book lung, cardiac cycle, closed circulatory system, countercurrent exchange, diastole, double circulation, gill, homeostasis, hemoglobin, interstitial fluid, lung, open circulatory system, red blood cell (RBC), systole, swim bladder, tracheae, valve, vein, vena cava, ventricle, venule Thermoregulation brown fat, countercurrent heat exchange, ectotherm, endotherm, estivation, evaporative cooling, hibernation, homeotherm, poikilotherm, sweat gland, thermoregulation, torpor, vasoconstriction, vasodilation Waste Disposal ammonia, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Bowman’s capsule, collecting duct, distal tubule, excretion, filtration, flame-bulb cell, glomerulus, kidney, loop of Henle, Malpighian tubule, metanephridium, nephron, osmoconformer, osmoregulator, proximal tubule, reabsorption, secretion, urea, uric acid Immune Response antibody, antigen, B cell, bone marrow, cell-mediated immunity, clonal selection, complement, cytotoxic T cell, helper T cell, humoral immunity, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inflammatory response, lymphatic system, lymph node, lymphocyte, macrophage, memory cell, plasma cell, primary immune response, secondary immune response, T Cell, thymus, vaccination, vaccine AP Biology Unit 7: Animal Structure & Function Key Vocabulary Hormones adrenal glands, anterior pituitary, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), cyclical AMP (cAMP), endocrine gland, endocrine system, feedback, glucagon, growth hormone, homeostasis, hormone, hypothalamus, insulin, norepinephrine, oxytocin, pancreas, pituitary gland, posterior pituitary, prolactin, receptor, releasing hormone, stimulating hormone, second messenger, steroid hormone, target cell, thyroid, thyroid hormones (T3, T4) Nervous System autonomic NS, axon, central nervous system (CNS), cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere, cerebrum, corpus callosum, dendrite, effector, interneuron, medulla, motor cortex, motor division, motor neuron, nerve, neuron, parasympathetic division, peripheral nervous system (PNS), reflex arc, sensory cortex, sensory division, sensory neuron, somatic NS, sympathetic division, synapse Nerve Impulse acetylcholine, action potential, ADP+P, ATP, axon, dendrite, depolarization, gated ion channel, hyperpolarization, myelin sheath, neuron, neurotransmitter, node of Ranvier, norepinephrine, postsynaptic cell, potassium channel, presynaptic cell, repolarization, resting potential, saltatory conduction, sodium channel, sodium-potassium pump, Schwann cell, synapse, synaptic vesicle Senses auditory nerve, chemoreceptor,cochlea, compund eye, cone cell, dark current, depolarized, hair cell, hyperpolarized, inner ear, lateral line system, mechanoreceptor,middle ear, neurotransmitter, olfactory bulb, opsin, optic nerve, organs of equilibrium, ossicles, outer ear, oval window, perception, photoreceptor, reception, response, retina, retinal, rhodopsin, rod cell, round window, semicircular canals, sensory neuron, sensory receptor, sensory transduction, single-lens eye, sodium channel, sodium pump, taste bud, thermoreceptor, transduction Muscle Action actin, ADP+P, ATP, binding site, calcium ion, cross-bridge, muscle fiber, myofilaments, myoglobin, myosin, myosin head, neuromuscular junction, neurotransmitter, sarcomere, sliding-filament model, thick filament, thin filament Animal Reproduction acrosome, acrosome reaction, anterior pituitary, corpus luteum, cortical reaction, egg, estrogen, fast block to polyspermy, fertilization membrane, follicle, follicle stimuating hormone (FSH), gamete, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), hypothalamus, luteinizing hormone (LH), negative feedback, ovary, ovulation, parthenogenesis, positive feedback, progesterone, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, slow block to polyspermy, sperm, testis