Download Reproductive System

LT- Today, I can apply my understanding of the
passing of genes from parent to offspring to the
human reproductive system by citing from texts,
diagrams, and videos to solve problems.
What are the structures and functions of the male
reproductive system?
Things to note:
• The reproductive system is important to ensure the
species. The individual can survive without reproducing.
• Chromosomes pass on genes from one generation of
cells to the next.
• The human male sex cell is sperm and a human sperm
cell carries 23 chromosomes (1/2 the number to make a
human).
• The human female sex cell is egg and a human egg cell
carries 23 chromosomes (1/2 the number to make a
human).
• Fertilization is when sperm enters an egg.
transports semen out of the penis.Urine is also
excreted here.
the urethra runs through this structure. This is the
structure that transfers the sperm to the female.
stores sperm. Sperm matures here.
transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
external sac that holds and protects the testes.
Keeps sperm at the required temperature for
production and to keep it alive.
produces sperm and the male hormone testosterone.
Scrotum– external sac that holds and protects the testes.
Keeps sperm at the required temperature for production
and to keep it alive.
Testes– produces sperm and the male hormone
testosterone.
Epididymis- stores sperm. Sperm matures here.
Vas Deferens- transports sperm from the epididymis to the
urethra.
Urethra- transports semen out of the penis.
Urine is also excreted here.
Penis- the urethra runs this structure. This is the structure
that transfers the sperm to the female.
Erection- the hardening of the penis.
Semen is a greyish white male reproductive fluid that is
secreted by the gonads of male animals. It carries sperm or
the spermatozoa and fructose and other enzymes that help
the sperm to survive to facilitate successful fertilization.
Pre seminal fluid or pre ejaculate is the clear,
colorless, viscous fluid that emits from the urethra of a
man's penis when he is sexually aroused. CARRIES TRACE
AMOUNTS SPERM
Ejaculate is the ejection of semen from the male
reproductive tract, and is usually accompanied by orgasm.
Testosterone- a hormone produced by the testicles which
stimulates the production of sperm.
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/212/14/
2215/F1.large.jpg
What are the structures and functions of the
female reproductive system?
protects the uterus from debris. When a female is
ovulating canals for sperm to enter the uterus open
in the mucus of this structure. Supports a developing
fetus.
where the female’s body produces the eggs. There are
two.
Produce estrogen and progesterone.
where the development of the baby takes place.
Sperm is deposited here and it is the canal through
which the baby passes during birth.
the egg travels from the ovary to this tube. This is
where fertilization occurs.
Ovaries– where the female’s body produces the eggs. There
are two.
Produce estrogen and progesterone.
Fallopian tubes– the egg travels through the fallopian tube.
This is where fertilization occurs.
Uterus– where the development of the baby takes place.
Cervix– protects the uterus from debris. When a female is
ovulating canals for sperm to enter the uterus open in the
mucus of this structure. Supports a developing fetus.
Vagina– the canal through which the baby passes during
birth.
*anus, urethra, and vagina are separate holes in women.
Ovulation- When an mature egg enters the
fallopian tube and awaits fertilization.
This is the time period that a female can get
pregnant.
Estrogen Signals the immature eggs to become
mature and the uterine wall to thicken.
Progesterone prepares the uterine lining
(endometrium) to receive a fertilized egg.
A decrease in this hormone causes the uterine wall
to shed when the female is not pregnant.
What are the stages of the female reproductive
cycle?
Female Reproductive Cycle- the cycle of changes that occur in the
female reproductive system over the course of a about 28 days.
Two cycles occur:
1. Ovarian cycle- changes that occur in the ovaries.
2. Menstrual Cycle- changes that occur in the lining of the uterus.
Ovulation- when an mature egg enters the fallopian tube and
awaits fertilization.
This is the time period that a female can get pregnant.
Menstruation- uterus lining is broken down. Blood is shed and
the discarded parts of the egg will pass at this time. The average
menstruation is 3-7 days.
Each month:
Chemicals in the pituitary gland in the brain are
produced.
The chemicals travel to the ovaries.
The ovaries receive the message and begin producing
the sex hormones.
Estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen triggers the immature egg to become
mature and the uterine wall to thicken.
Progesterone prepares the uterine lining.
If the egg is not fertilized, the progesterone level
decreases causing the uterine lining to break down.
The reproductive cycle is the cycle of changes that
occur in the female reproductive system.
The average reproductive cycle lasts 28-32 days
The menstrual cycle varies from person to person
and can even vary from time to time in the same
female.
If the female is not pregnant, the wall of the uterus
breaks down day 28-30 and in the beginning of the
menstrual cycle. This breaking down of the uterus is
caused by low progesterone and estrogen levels.
Around day 6, the uterus wall begins to thicken
preparing for a growing offspring. High levels of
estrogen and progesterone cause the uterus wall to
thicken.
Day 14-16 ovulation occurs. This is when a mature egg
enters the fallopian tube awaiting fertilization.
Estrogen triggers the egg in the ovary to become
mature.
Ovulation- process in which the egg is released
into the fallopian tube.
The egg travels to the fallopian tube to be
fertilized.
The lining of the uterus thickens to prepare to
carry the offspring.
Fertilization- joining of the sperm and egg.
LT- Today I can apply my understanding of
structures used in fetal development to write an
informative/explanatory presentation for potential
parents.
What are the structures needed for fetal
development?
Zygote- fertilized egg.
Blastocyst- a cluster of cells.
Implantation- when the blastocyst burrows into
the uterine wall.
Embryo- the newly formed organism. Zygote and
next 8 weeks.
Fetus- embryo is called a fetus after 8 weeks.
What do you think the structures are used for?
What do you think the job of the placenta is?
Placenta- (supply) made partly from tissue from
the embryo and the wall of the uterus.
Removes food, oxygen, and water from the
mother’s bloodstream.
Deposits waste and CO2 into mother’s
bloodstream.
What do you think the umbilical cord does?
Umbilical cord- blood vessels that transport food
and oxygen from placenta to offspring and
removes waste and CO2 from offspring to
placenta.
What do you think the job of the amniotic sac
is?
Amniotic sac- Area in which the fetus grows. Protects
the fetus from damage. Keeps mother and baby fluids
separate.
What do you think the job of the amniotic fluid is?
Amniotic fluid- the fluid that fills the amniotic sac
providing support and protection to the growing fetus.
Fetal Development
The time that the offspring grows from
fertilization to birth.
The typical human pregnancy is 40 weeks (9 to
10 months)
Fetal development is broken up into 3
trimesters (there are 3 months in each trimester).
http://www.babycenter.com/fetal-developmentweek-by-week
Labor- the contractions of the uterine wall as they
are stimulated by the pituitary hormone oxytocin.
The contractions cause the cervix to widen and
begin to open.
The placenta starts to break away from the uterine
lining.
When the baby is born, the placenta, umbilical
cord, amniotic sac. and amniotic fluid leave the
females body. This is structures are referred to as
the afterbirth.
Fetal Development Informational Presentation
You will work with a partner to create an
informational source for expecting parents.
Your audience are parents to be.
Your project can be done in the format of a
brochure, pamphlet, book, or presentation
(electronic or handwritten)