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Introduction to Engineering and Technology Concepts Unit Five Chapter Two – Medical Technologies Instructions for Success: • Each chapter of every unit will begin with a “Mindjog.” This is a warm up question that you should answer in your workbook in the proper chapter. • Please take notes as you move through the presentations in the notebook that has been provided. • Sections will come up in each presentation with an assignment notice. Turn to the section detailed on the slide in your workbook and complete the assignment before proceeding. • Good luck! Objective • Students will define wellness and the technologies used by the medical industry to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness. Mindjog! • On your worksheet, please respond to the following question: • “What should humans do in order to remain healthy?” Wellness/Illness • When discussing health, there are two perspectives: • Wellness – a state of physical well being. • Illness – a state of poor health. • Both science and technology play a role in wellness and illness. • Wellness contains four major factors: nutrition and diet, environment, stress management, and physical fitness . (Wright, 2004) Medicine • Medicine can be described as the diagnosing, treating, and prevention of diseases (Wright, 2004). • Disease is any change that interferes with the appearance, structure, or function of the body (Wright, 2004). • There are many professionals that treat disease and injury: physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, medical technologists, dentists, dental hygienists, and pharmacists (Wright, 2004). Goals • The aforementioned health care professionals respond to health care in three ways: • Diagnosis – performed by conducting interviews, physical examinations, and medical tests. • Treatment – involves applying medical procedures to cure disease. • Prevention – actions taken to keep people from contracting a disease (Wright, 2004). Technology in Medicine • In the past, physicians depended on people to describe their symptoms. Today, many different types of diagnostic devices exist. For our discussion, we will examine three: • Routine Diagnostic Equipment • Noninvasive Diagnostic Equipment • Invasive Diagnostic Equipment (Wright, 2004). Routine • Routine diagnostic equipment is used to gather general information about the patient. • The equipment can include technologies like scales, thermometers, blood pressure cuffs, stethoscopes (Wright, 2004). Noninvasive • Noninvasive diagnostic equipment gathers information about the patient without entering the body. Some examples include: • Diagnostic Radiology – uses electromagnetic radiation and ultrasonics to diagnose disease and injuries (Wright, 2004). Radiology and Diagnostics • We’re going to go into detail regarding the types of noninvasive, diagnostic tools: • • • • • X-Ray – a camera that uses x-rays instead of visible light to expose film. Computerized Tomography (CT Scan) – the scanner produces images of any part of the body without using dyes by rotating around the patient with an X-ray beam. Crystals opposite the beam pick up and record the absorption rates of the bone and tissue Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – produces computer-developed cross sectional images of any part of the body very quickly. This procedure uses magnetic rays instead of X rays. Ultrasound – uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes to develop an image of the body. Electrocardiograph (EKG) – produces a visual record of the heart’s electrical activity (Wright, 2004). Invasive • Invasive diagnostic equipment is used when drawing and testing a blood sample or taking tissue samples (biopsy) for laboratory examination (Wright, 2004). Treatment Technologies • Treatment of illnesses can also require drugs, specialized equipment, or both. • A drug is a substance used to prevent, diagnose, or treat a disease. It can be used to prolong the life of patients with incurable conditions. • Other areas of technology include developing life support equipment, artificial body parts, medical computer systems, blood chemistry sensors, therapeutic instruments, and medical imaging and treatment systems (Wright, 2004). Treatments (continued) • The last slide discussed areas where medical engineers are improving various technologies for treatment. This slide will detail three major treatments: • Radiation Therapy – therapeutic radiology is used to treat cancer cells using high energy radiation. • Intervention Radiology – uses images produced by radiology for non-surgical treatment of ailments. • Surgery – common way to treat a disease, remove organs, repair bones, and stop bleeding. • Prosthesis – artificial body parts such as the heart or a limb. • Emergency medicine – deals with unexpected illness and injury (Wright, 2004). Assignment #1 • Please turn to the section in your workbook entitled, “Unit Five, Chapter Two – Medical Technologies.” • Complete the extension questions under the “Assignment #1” header before moving onto the next section of slides. BEFORE MOVING ON: • Did you complete the “Assignment #1” Section under the “Unit Five, Chapter Two – Medical Technologies” section of your workbook? • If you have, please proceed to the next slide. Chapter Two Completed! • Please close this presentation and launch the file entitled, “Chapter 3 – Optical and Fluid Technologies.” References • Wright, R. (2004) “Technology” The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.