Download Introduction to Engineering and Technology Concepts

Introduction to Engineering and
Technology Concepts
Unit Five
Chapter Two –
Medical Technologies
Instructions for Success:
• Each chapter of every unit will begin with a “Mindjog.”
This is a warm up question that you should answer in
your workbook in the proper chapter.
• Please take notes as you move through the
presentations in the notebook that has been provided.
• Sections will come up in each presentation with an
assignment notice. Turn to the section detailed on the
slide in your workbook and complete the assignment
before proceeding.
• Good luck!
Objective
• Students will define wellness and the technologies used
by the medical industry to diagnose, treat, and prevent
illness.
Mindjog!
• On your worksheet, please respond to the following question:
• “What should humans do in order to
remain healthy?”
Wellness/Illness
• When discussing health, there are two
perspectives:
• Wellness – a state of physical well being.
• Illness – a state of poor health.
• Both science and technology play a role
in wellness and illness.
• Wellness contains four major factors:
nutrition and diet, environment, stress
management, and physical fitness
.
(Wright, 2004)
Medicine
• Medicine can be described as the diagnosing,
treating, and prevention of diseases (Wright, 2004).
• Disease is any change that interferes with the
appearance, structure, or function of the body
(Wright, 2004).
• There are many professionals that treat disease
and injury: physicians, nurses, nurse
practitioners, physician assistants, medical
technologists, dentists, dental hygienists, and
pharmacists (Wright, 2004).
Goals
• The aforementioned health care professionals
respond to health care in three ways:
• Diagnosis – performed by conducting
interviews, physical examinations, and medical
tests.
• Treatment – involves applying medical
procedures to cure disease.
• Prevention – actions taken to keep people from
contracting a disease (Wright, 2004).
Technology in Medicine
• In the past, physicians depended on people to
describe their symptoms. Today, many
different types of diagnostic devices exist. For
our discussion, we will examine three:
• Routine Diagnostic Equipment
• Noninvasive Diagnostic Equipment
• Invasive Diagnostic Equipment (Wright, 2004).
Routine
• Routine diagnostic equipment is used to gather
general information about the patient.
• The equipment can include technologies like
scales, thermometers, blood pressure cuffs,
stethoscopes (Wright, 2004).
Noninvasive
• Noninvasive diagnostic equipment gathers
information about the patient without entering
the body. Some examples include:
• Diagnostic Radiology – uses electromagnetic
radiation and ultrasonics to diagnose disease
and injuries (Wright, 2004).
Radiology and Diagnostics
• We’re going to go into detail regarding the
types of noninvasive, diagnostic tools:
•
•
•
•
•
X-Ray – a camera that uses x-rays instead of visible light to expose film.
Computerized Tomography (CT Scan) – the scanner produces images of
any part of the body without using dyes by rotating around the patient with
an X-ray beam. Crystals opposite the beam pick up and record the
absorption rates of the bone and tissue
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – produces computer-developed
cross sectional images of any part of the body very quickly. This
procedure uses magnetic rays instead of X rays.
Ultrasound – uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes to
develop an image of the body.
Electrocardiograph (EKG) – produces a visual record of the heart’s
electrical activity (Wright, 2004).
Invasive
• Invasive diagnostic equipment is used when
drawing and testing a blood sample or taking
tissue samples (biopsy) for laboratory
examination (Wright, 2004).
Treatment Technologies
• Treatment of illnesses can also require drugs,
specialized equipment, or both.
• A drug is a substance used to prevent,
diagnose, or treat a disease. It can be used to
prolong the life of patients with incurable
conditions.
• Other areas of technology include developing
life support equipment, artificial body parts,
medical computer systems, blood chemistry
sensors, therapeutic instruments, and medical
imaging and treatment systems
(Wright, 2004).
Treatments (continued)
• The last slide discussed areas where medical
engineers are improving various technologies for
treatment. This slide will detail three major treatments:
• Radiation Therapy – therapeutic radiology is used to
treat cancer cells using high energy radiation.
• Intervention Radiology – uses images produced by
radiology for non-surgical treatment of ailments.
• Surgery – common way to treat a disease, remove
organs, repair bones, and stop bleeding.
• Prosthesis – artificial body parts such as the heart or a
limb.
• Emergency medicine – deals with unexpected illness
and injury (Wright, 2004).
Assignment #1
• Please turn to the section in your
workbook entitled, “Unit Five, Chapter
Two – Medical Technologies.”
• Complete the extension questions under
the “Assignment #1” header before
moving onto the next section of slides.
BEFORE MOVING ON:
• Did you complete the “Assignment #1”
Section under the “Unit Five, Chapter
Two – Medical Technologies” section of
your workbook?
• If you have, please proceed to the next
slide.
Chapter Two Completed!
• Please close this presentation and launch
the file entitled, “Chapter 3 – Optical and
Fluid Technologies.”
References
• Wright, R. (2004) “Technology” The
Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.