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Succession
—  https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=LU8DDYz68kM
Succession
I.  Succession – the gradual replacement of
populations in an area. Each species in a
community changes the environment in ways that
ultimately make it unfavorable for the survival and
reproduction of those species. Yet those changes
allow other species to survive and reproduce.
Pioneer Species
A.  Pioneer Species – the first species to colonize a new
habitat.
1.  All pioneer species in an area make up a pioneer
community.
2.  Hardy species with well-dispersed seeds that remain
viable, grow rapidly in full sun.
3.  Stabilize and enrich soil
Seral Communities
B.  Seral communities – intermediate communities
between pioneer and climax communities. (may
be several)
1.  First seral community (i.e. shrubs)
a. 
Species thrive in sun; longer life cycle and more
extensive root systems than pioneers.
b. 
Crowd out pioneer species; further stabilize and enrich
the soil.
Seral Communities
2.  Second seral community (i.e. aspens and birches)
a.  Rapidly growing trees that require more nutrients
and water than shrubs.
b.  Cause shrubs to die due to increased shade and
nutrient uptake; shade eventually inhibits growth of
saplings.
Climax
C.  Climax community – a community that will remain
stable as long as the area is undisturbed. The soil,
climate, and other abiotic factors in a region
determine the organism that will make up a climax
community. (i.e. Maples and beeches)
Climax
1.  Shade tolerant trees whose saplings thus survive at a
higher rate than aspens and birches.
2.  Establishes stable environment favorable for its own
survival.
Sugar Maple Tree
Hemlock Tree
American Beech Tree
Identify the Stages of
Succession!
Identify the Stage of
Succession!
Pioneer Community
1st Seral Community 2nd Seral Community
Climax
Community
Primary Succession
II.  Primary succession – replacement of populations
in an area that has not previously supported life,
such as bare rock or a sand dune.
Primary Succession
A.  Rocks are weathered and broken into smaller
pieces.
B.  Lichens colonize the rocks, and release minerals
from them.
C.  Eventually the necromass, or dead organic matter,
from the lichens and minerals from the rocks from
a thin layer of soil.
D.  Plants grow in the soil, and when they die they
increase the thickness of it.
Secondary Succession
III.  Secondary succession – replacement of populations
in disrupted habitats that have not been totally
stripped of soil and vegetation. The disruption
may occur due to a natural disaster (i.e. forest fire
or volcanic eruption), or from human activity (i.e.
farming, logging, or mining).
Aquatic Succession
IV.  Succession in Lakes
A.  Eutrophication – the increase in nutrients in an
environment
B.  An oligotrophic lake (low nutrient/organic content)
may develop into a eutrophic lake as nutrients enter
the lake from the land and atmosphere.
Eutrophication
Eutrophication
Succession Game Players
—  Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
—  Water Hickory (Carya aquatica)
—  Yew Shrub (Podocarpus macrophylla)
—  Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
Succession Game Rules
—  Each player will choose a plant to be and create their
own game piece.
—  Each player will roll the dice to see who goes first.
The person who rolls the highest goes first and
turns continue in a clockwise rotation.
—  To move through the game board, players roll a dice
and follow the squares. What a player lands on a
red square they draw a card. The card will
designate the next move of EVERY player.
Succession Game Rules
—  After a card has been played, the next player starts
his/her turn from their current position depending
on what the last turn assigned. Some players may
be affected in other players’ turns depending on the
card pick from the deck.
—  If two players end up on the same square, no matter
the color, they will have to duel for survival. In a
dual, the person who rolls the highest number wins.
The winner moves up one space, the loser moves
back one space.