Download The Pickle Sodium Lamp

Three States of Matter
For Chemistry or Physics
Performance Objective / Content
Standards
Chemistry 4a, 4b 4f, 4g; Physics 3c
• Students relate macroscopic properties of matter (is it solid, liquid, or
gas) to its microscopic properties (kinetic energy of the molecules,
random motion of molecules).
• Students understand how changing the temp (and pressure) of
matter changes its microscopic properties and therefore changes its
macroscopic properties.
• Students understand what a temperature of absolute zero means,
and that there is no temperature lower than 0 Kelvin
• Students are introduced to the phase diagram as an easy way to
predict the state of a given material at a particular T and P
• Students understand that diffusion is caused by random motion of
molecules
States of Matter
There are three states (phases) of
matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
The top picture shows the
macroscopic (large scope or
how we perceive it) view of the
different phases.
The lower picture shows the
microscopic (small scope or
the molecular level) view of the
different phases.
The behaviors on the
macroscopic scale are directly
related to properties of the
microscopic scale.
Heat Energy
• We know from everyday
experience that changing
temperature can change the
state of matter.
• The kinetic energy of the
individual molecules that we
saw is directly related to heat
energy. The more heat energy
a molecule has the faster it
moves.
• Absolute zero is defined as the
temperature at which there is
no molecular movement, or
where there is a lack of heat
energy.
• Heat energy is also used to
overcome intermolecular forces
that hold both solids and liquids
together.
Phase Diagram
Molecule Movement
•
•
•
•
Add a couple drops of food coloring to
the container of water in front of you.
What do you observe is happening?
How does what we know of liquid explain
this?
Diffusion can be explained through
Brownian motion.