Download VETERINARY MEDICINE – AN OVERVIEW

VETERINARY MEDICINE
Definition, vocabulary, word formation, conjunctions; Language: passive
(wikipedia)
Veterinary medicine is the branch of science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease,
disorder and injury in animals. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both
domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions which can affect different species.
Professional care is most often led by a veterinary physician (also known as a vet, veterinary surgeon or
veterinarian), but also by paraveterinary workers such as veterinary nurses or technicians. This can be augmented
by other paraprofessionals with specific specialisms such as animal physiotherapy or dentistry, and species
relevant roles such as farriers.
Veterinary science helps human health through the monitoring and control of zoonotic disease (infectious
disease transmitted from non-human animals to humans) and veterinary scientists often collaborate with
epidemiologists.
Veterinary care is usually led by a veterinary physician (usually called a vet, veterinary surgeon or veterinarian).
This role is the equivalent of a doctor in human medicine, and usually involves post-graduate study and
qualification.
Most vets work in clinical settings, treating animals directly. These vets may be involved in a general practice,
treating animals of all types; may be specialized in a specific group of animals such as companion animals,
livestock, laboratory animals, zoo animals or horses; or may specialize in a narrow medical discipline such as
surgery, dermatology, laboratory animal medicine, or internal medicine.
As with healthcare professionals, vets face ethical decisions about the care of their patients. Current debates
within the profession include the ethics of purely cosmetic procedures on animals, such as declawing (rimozione
unghie) of cats, docking (rimozione) of tails, cropping (ritaglio) of ears and debarking (rimozione corde vocali)
on dogs.
Vocabulary. Find the equivalent English words in the text (in bold type).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
affrontare
……………………..
ambienti clinici …………….
ambulatorio/esercizio
………….….
bestiame
……………..……..
colpire ……………..………
cura ………………………………
dibattiti attuali …………….
farrier …………………..………..
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
ferita ……………………….…
intervento chirurgico ………….
operatori sanitari …………….….
raggio/ambito (di azione) …………
salute ……………………..………
selvaggio ……………………..
studio post-laurea ……………..
vasta gamma ……………………..
The text below from Wikipedia has been divided into paragraphs. For each paragraph read the
instructions and do the exercises.
Ex. A. Use a derivative of the word in brackets to complete the paragraphs. (word formation)
1.
Veterinary medicine is the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion,
domestic, production animals and wildlife.
2.
Veterinary medicine requires the acquisition and application of scientific 1......................... (know) in
multiple disciplines and uses technical skills directed at disease 2.................... (prevent) in both domestic
DEFINITION OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Language points (1) derivatives (2) passives (3) linking words (conjunctions)
and wild animals. 3....................... (emerge) zoonotic diseases around the globe require capabilities in
epidemiology and 4.................... (infection) disease surveillance that are 5.................... (particular) wellsuited to veterinary science's "herd health" approach.
Ex. B Decide in which spaces the following conjunctions and phrases belong:
1.
2.
3.
3.
… including...
... because of ...
... in order to ...
4. ... in the form of ...
5 ... but ...
Veterinary medicine is as old as the human/animal bond 1. .............. in recent years has expanded
exponentially 2. .............. the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for most
species. Animals nowadays often receive advanced medical, dental, and surgical care 3. .................
insulin injections, hip replacements and pacemakers. 4. ................. become a specialist, a veterinarian
must complete additional training after graduation from veterinary school 5. ................. an internship and
then pass a rigorous examination.
Ex. C Find the English equivalent in paragraph 4 of these Italian terms.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
sicurezza
…………………
scorte, proviste …………..
cibo
…………
salute
………………..
bestiame
………………..
carne ……………………….
ricerca ………………..
paesi………………………..
campo……………………....
cavalli ………………...
disturbi………………………
morte ………………………..
malattia ……………………..
4.
Veterinarians assist in ensuring the quality,
quantity, and safety of food supplies by
working to maintain the health of livestock
and inspecting the meat itself. Veterinary
scientists occupy important positions in
biological, chemical, agricultural and
pharmaceutical
research.
In
many
countries, equine veterinary medicine is
also a specialized field. Clinical work with
horses involves mainly locomotor and
orthopedic problems, digestive tract
disorders (including equine colic, which is a
major cause of death among domesticated
horses), and respiratory tract infections and
disease.
Ex D. Fit the correct terms into the spaces.
professions
trustworthy
sick
team
needs
undergraduate patients
veterinarians
graduates
treat
5.
As in the human health field, veterinary medicine requires a diverse group of individuals to meet the
………………..of patients. Veterinarians must complete four years of study in a veterinary school following 3–
4 years of ……………………. pre-veterinary work.
6.
It is widely believed that veterinary school is the hardest to gain acceptance into among the various medical
…………………. . In fact, among medical practitioners, veterinarians are routinely ranked the most intelligent
and ………………… .
7.
Vets are expected to diagnose and 1...................... animals of different species without the benefit of verbal
communication with their 2..................... . In addition to veterinarians, many veterinary hospitals utilize a
3.………………. of veterinary technicians and veterinary assistants to provide care for both 4.………..…….
and healthy animals.
8.
Paraveterinary workers, including veterinary nurses, technicians and assistants, either assist vets in their
work, or may work within their own scope of practice, depending on skills and qualifications.
DEFINITION OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Language points (1) derivatives (2) passives (3) linking words (conjunctions)
(1) PASSIVO SEMPLICE (be + past participle)
1. They treated this boxer for an injury last year. (active – past simple)
This boxer was treated for an injury last year. (passive – past simple)
2. Nobody has seen the missing cat since yesterday. (active - present perfect)
The missing cat hasn’t been seen since yesterday. (passive – present perfect)
Now you…! (note the verb tense)
1. Veterinarians often perform hip replacement operations.
Hip replacement operations …………………………………………. .
2. People attach more importance to animal welfare nowadays.
More importance ………………………………………………………. .
3. Vaccinations can control the spread of many diseases.
The spread of many diseases ………………………………………… .
4. People hunted elephants almost to extinction in certain parts of Africa.
Elephants …………………………………. in certain parts of Africa.
(2) LA FORMA IMPERSONALE (soggetto + passivo + to + base form)
Nei testi scientifici/formali si utilizza spesso la forma impersonale (‘si dice che’, si sa che, si
crede che, ci si aspetta che’ ‘si sostiene che’)
Per renderla in inglese si usa il passivo di un ‘reporting verb’ (believe, claim, estimate,
expect, feel, know, report, say, think, understand. Guarda le due strutture sotto.
eg. We know that vets treat different species of animals. (sappiamo che)
Vets are known to treat different species of animals. (si sa che)
Now you …!
1. People believe that vet school is the hardest to gain acceptance into.
Vet school …………………………. be the hardest to gain acceptance into.
2. People think that horse breeders earn a lot of money.
Horse breeders ……………………….. earn a lot of money.
3. We know that veterinary science is a complex discipline.
Veterinary science ……………………… a complex discipline.
DEFINITION OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Language points (1) derivatives (2) passives (3) linking words (conjunctions)
ORIGINAL TEXT WITH ANSWERS UNDERLINED
1. Veterinary medicine is the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to
companion, domestic, production animals and wildlife.
2. Veterinary medicine requires the acquisition and application of scientific knowledge in
multiple disciplines and uses technical skills directed at disease prevention in both domestic
and wild animals. Emerging zoonotic diseases around the globe require capabilities in
epidemiology and infectious disease surveillance that are particularly well-suited to veterinary
science's "herd health" approach.
3. Veterinary medicine is as old as the human/animal bond but in recent years has expanded
exponentially because of the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for
most species. Animals nowadays often receive advanced medical, dental, and surgical care in
the form of insulin injections, hip replacements and pacemakers. In order to become a
specialist, a veterinarian must complete additional training after graduation from veterinary
school including an internship and then pass a rigorous examination.
4. Veterinarians assist in ensuring the quality, quantity and safety of food supplies by working to
maintain the health of livestock and inspecting the meat itself. Veterinary scientists occupy
important positions in biological, chemical, agricultural and pharmaceutical research. In many
countries, equine veterinary medicine is also a specialized field. Clinical work with horses
involves mainly locomotor and orthopedic problems, digestive tract disorders (including
equine colic, which is a major cause of death among domesticated horses), and respiratory tract
infections and disease.
5. As in the human health field, veterinary medicine requires a diverse group of individuals to
meet the requirements .of patients. Veterinarians must complete four years of study in a
veterinary school following 3–4 years of undergraduate pre-veterinary work.
6. It is widely believed that veterinary school is the hardest to gain acceptance into among the
various medical professions. In fact, among medical practitioners, veterinarians are routinely
ranked the most intelligent and trustworthy.
7. Vets are expected to diagnose and treat. animals of different species without the benefit of
verbal communication with their patients. In addition to veterinarians, many veterinary
hospitals utilize a team of veterinary technicians and veterinary assistants to provide care for
both sick and healthy animals.
8. Paraveterinary workers, including veterinary nurses, technicians and assistants, either assist
vets in their work, or may work within their own scope of practice, depending on skills and
qualifications.
DEFINITION OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Language points (1) derivatives (2) passives (3) linking words (conjunctions)
1. affrontare
……face…..
2. ambienti clinici …clinical settings
3. ambulatorio/esercizio general practice
4. bestiame …livestock…….
5. colpire …affect…….
6. cura …care…
7. dibattiti attuali …current debates
8. maniscalco …farrier….
9. ferita ……injury…
10.
intervento chirurgico …operation
11.
operatori sanitari …healthcare
professionals …
12.
raggio/ambito (di azione) …scope
13.
salute ……health…..
14.
selvatico ……wild…..
15.
studio post-laurea …postgraduate studies
16.
vasta gamma …wide range…
1. Veterinarians often perform hip replacement operations.
Hip replacement operations ARE OFTEN PERFORMED (by vets) .
2. People attach more importance to animal welfare nowadays.
More importance IS ATTACHED TO animal welfare nowadays.
3. Vaccinations can control the spread of many diseases.
The spread of many diseases CAN BE CONTROLLED by vaccinations.
4. People hunted elephants almost to extinction in certain parts of Africa.
Elephants WERE HUNTED almost to extinction in certain parts of Africa.
1. People believe that vet school is the hardest to gain acceptance into.
Vet school IS THOUGHT TO BE the hardest to gain acceptance into.
2. People think that horse breeders earn a lot of money.
Horse breeders ARE THOUGHT TO earn a lot of money.
3. We know that veterinary science is a complex discipline.
Veterinary science IS KNOWN TO BE a complex discipline.