Download Throughout the 19th century, education reached new horizons

BECENE
LESEI.
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTORICO DE MEXICO I
CARMEN ESTEFANIA NAVARRO VELAZQUEZ
SEMESTER 2°
J. RICARDO MUÑOZ OVALLE.
ESSAY
1873 – 1910.
Throughout the 19th century, education reached new horizons. Political equality
should start by providing basic education to all citizens. The State took as one of its
main goals educational democracy and thereafter began to systematize the
education, was sown the need to prepare men trained for industrialization. These
ideas when the peace allowed that the State could carry out a general education
program published.
In 1882, primary education in Mexico would take greater importance; it is
recapitulation on the responsibility of the State to provide basic education to all
Mexicans to achieve democracy and national unity. To ensure the compulsory
nature of education, the 1888 Act established 2 schools of elementary instruction:
one for children and another for girls or a mixed by each 4mil single inhabitants.
Men and women had to go to school from 6 to 12 years of age.
The same school by itself would not be sufficient to mitigate social differences. The
majority of educators believed that through education in Mexico become a modern
and democratic country. Dissemination of public instruction would be enough to
transform the country into a society more just and progressive. Today we know that
to create a democratic and just society it is essential that changes other structural
health and jobs. The law of public instruction of 1888, summed up all the ideas of
education to be had at the time, which were extended to the following with the
instruction Congress year, also caused that it was centralizing the education, also
directed by municipalities, he joined the teaching of reading and writing, he
abolished the grammar to replace it with the national language and determine
separate arithmetic geometry teaching; It was the first educational standard that
legally compulsory education.
THE CONGRESSES OF INSTRUCTION AND ITS GUIDING PRINCIPLES.
In the unique educational crusade undertaken in Mexico, there were 4
conferences, all held in the capital of the Republic. The first in 1882, was hygienic
BECENE
LESEI.
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTORICO DE MEXICO I
CARMEN ESTEFANIA NAVARRO VELAZQUEZ
SEMESTER 2°
J. RICARDO MUÑOZ OVALLE.
pedagogical Congress that linked the educational aspect with the toilet. Doctors
and teachers, who discussed about the hygienic conditions that they should be
elementary, as it should be hygienic and economical school furniture, requirements
should meet books and school supplies that do not affect the health of students
participated,. One of the resolutions taken public school should not be situated in
tenement house, they had to have good healthy condition. The general tone of the
resolutions was inclined to the aspect of physical health of the child rather than the
intellectual or moral. They were practicing physical exercises that develop the
senses and faculties and the target method.
This first Congress did not have the influence of the later that it was not national
and its tenets were restricted to elementary instruction.
In 1889 opened the first Congress of the public instruction with the prevailing idea
of achieving national unity. The call referred to in all branches of a administration,
except in education, was a spirit of national unity. Therefore it was necessary that
the States, the district and the Federal Territories its laws and school regulations.
Mexico followed the French example to take absolute gratuity, mandatory and the
secularism of the schools public in 1881 and 1882. The main points which were
submitted to the deliberation of the Conference, were the primary education free,
compulsory and secular, but also discussed materials, teaching methods and other
issues. The first December 1890 opened the second Congress of public
instruction.
The uniformity
The biggest problem of national unification was the same problem of
independence. Francisco Cosmes opined about the meaning of the word uniform,
if this meant to extend nationwide the elementary instruction in terms of their
fundamentals of free, compulsory and secular, agreed; But if he was referring to
the methods, procedures of teaching, texts and sanction of the precept of
compulsory instruction, it meant to centralize education and therefore went against
the sovereignty to legislate freely. In conclusion, it was decided that uniformity in
BECENE
LESEI.
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTORICO DE MEXICO I
CARMEN ESTEFANIA NAVARRO VELAZQUEZ
SEMESTER 2°
J. RICARDO MUÑOZ OVALLE.
national education consists of compulsory, free and secular education. On the
other hand, there would be sanctions to make effective the precept that attend
primary school from 6 to 12 years of age. It also stressed that education programs
would be uniform for the Republic as a whole.
Secularism
It was understood, in conclusion as a synonym for neutral, never as anti-religious
or sectarian. Members supported the criterion of Miguel Serrano and Ramón
Manterola, who argued that the State should respect the freedom of conscience
and freedom of worship. The Commission finally concluded that freedom of
conscience and freedom of worship were forced to respect, outside the official
school, any decision of the parents about the education of their children in such a
way that the beliefs of particular schools were respected, if not to attack the
institutions.
Other resolutions.
Once it ruled on the coexistence of a national system of popular education,
considering in principle the uniformity of the compulsory primary education, free of
charge and secular, was determined that this should be from 6 to 12 years and
should understand 4 school years. The overall programs of compulsory basic
primary education was based on the law of public instruction of 1888. Materials
that would be to study were moral and civic instruction, national language, lessons
of arithmetic, physical sciences and natural, geometry, history, drawing, singing,
gymnastics and manual work for girls the classes would last from 20 to 40 minutes,
he is recommended to rest half an hour. The school week would be 5 days and 10
month school year. The primary top would have a duration of 2 years and would be
studied the same subjects, but in a more extensive way; the English and French
would be voluntary. It is suggested for the first time that children would have the
option of going to the school from 4 to 6 years. The primary school was intended to
promote the physical, intellectual and moral development of children. These
BECENE
LESEI.
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTORICO DE MEXICO I
CARMEN ESTEFANIA NAVARRO VELAZQUEZ
SEMESTER 2°
J. RICARDO MUÑOZ OVALLE.
schools run by women, would offer free and gymnastic games teaching, where of
Fröbel, craftwork and gardening, maternal conversations and singing
In 1905 came the celebration of the third National Conference of primary education
that took place in September 1910. The reports that were presented were actual
data from the laws of instruction, curriculum and school statistics and students. The
inaugural speech gave a truthful view of what was the national education. He
summoned the teachers to join an ongoing effort, he emphasized that teachers had
the educative Mission orally putting them above all those who lend as citizens
services to the homeland with the exception of those in charge of Defense of honor
and national territory, he consented that the teacher situation was precarious.
Educators should insist on instill in children the love to the fatherland, proposed
that to facilitate the educational process, teachers met regularly at assemblies and
arose a center of drive for Confederation schools. Rodolfo Menéndez answered
with a speech more optimistic, in which to reference to the achievements of the
national education, secularism in education, the evolution of the education, the
Foundation of the modern school. Unlike other past conferences, whose objective
was to discuss and resolve the many aspects of national education, the latter
became a platform where teachers and principals reported on the scope of
education in their respective States throughout the regime. They forgot the
principles proposed in 1906, uniformity, the importance of indigenous education,
the review of the implementation of the resolutions of previous conferences and the
employment of the school as a means of propaganda anti-alcoholism. The only
resolution that I took was the hold an annual Congress to deal with matters of
general interest in the field of primary education.
BECENE
LESEI.
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTORICO DE MEXICO I
CARMEN ESTEFANIA NAVARRO VELAZQUEZ
SEMESTER 2°
J. RICARDO MUÑOZ OVALLE.
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