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Dr Torsten Kleiss Dr. Kleiss, November 2015 Monitoring and Benchmarking Energy Performance of Large Building Stocks Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 siemens.com “If y you can't measure it,, you can't improve y p it.” Peter Drucker (1909 – 2005) Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 2 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS Traffic Control Centers obtain detailed real-time real time information for monitoring and optimizing vehicle flow S Source: Siemens Si AG Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 3 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS And this is how we monitor and manage energy in our buildings S Source: flickr.org fli k Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 4 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS 14 US cities have mandated the reporting of building energy consumption Chicago Seattle Atlanta Portland N New Y York k Cit City 46% 2.8 billion sqft Washington, DC Cambridge, MA Boston Minneapolis New York City Philadelphia p Washington, DC Chicago San Francisco Berkeley, CA Kansas City y Philadelphia Seattle Boston San Francisco Cambridge, g , MA Austin Minneapolis Distribution by covered area Chicago Atlanta Austin Atlanta Washington, DC New York City 38% 15,300 buildings Philadelphia Seattle Boston San Francisco S Source: Institute I tit t off Building B ildi T Transformation, f ti buildingrating.org b ildi ti Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 5 2015-11-19 Cambridge, MA Austin Minneapolis Distribution by covered number of buildings Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS New York City has the most ambitious and progressive building benchmarking program • In 2007, 2007 PlaNYC was establish with a goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30% until 2030 • E Energy used d in i b buildings ildi contributes t ib t >75% 75% off GHG emissions i i and is key to achieve set target • Benchmarking h ki Locall Law 84 off 2009 • Private owners of buildings >50,000 sqf and public buildings > 10,000 sqft must report energy usage yearly • More than 15,300 buildings g represent p 2% of all buildings, g but cover >50% of floor space gy Star Portfolio Manager® g • Data collected and scored via Energy • Increase of compliance rate from 75% to 84% from 2011 to 2013 • Penalty P l off 2 2,000$ 000$ per year ffor non-compliance li • Aggregated data available for building owners from three private utilities S Source: metered.nyc t d Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 6 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS Benchmarking data is publicly available Annual reports outline overall performance of existing building stock Distribution st but o o of Energy e gy Sta Star Sco Score e Publicly ub c y Available a ab e Data ata a and d Reports epo ts Median Energy Star Score is 20pts higher than US average S Source: NYC LLocall LLaw 84 B Benchmarking h ki R Reportt 2014 2014; metered.nyc t d Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 7 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS Average Source Energy Use Intensity of 134 kbtu/sf Variation in Source EUI Sector Impact Office: 195 (22% of buildings) Multifamily: 124 (64% of buildings) Wide spread of energy use intensity intensity, especially in office buildings and retail Office and multifamily buildings contribute > 80% of total energy use S Source: NYC LLocall LLaw 84 B Benchmarking h ki R Reportt 2014 Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 8 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS New and large office buildings show higher energy consumption EUI and Built Year Office Multifamily EUI and Floor Area Office Median EUI MF Median EUI Office [kBtu/sqft] Multifamily Office Median EUI [kBtu/sqft] 272 268 244 244 173 131 170 120 MF Median EUI 180 160 118 173 177 196 196 220 148 116 118 118 121 127 137 188 141 132 162 120 204 222 197 173 118 130 134 140 200300 300400 400500 155 500600 260 228 238 207 164 143 600700 141 Pre 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1900 Year built 50-100 100200 700800 Newer office buildings showing higher use of energy, while multifamily buildings are flat Larger buildings use more energy per area 143 800900 147 900- >1000 1000 Gross Floor Area [in 1,000 sqft] S Source: NYC LLocall LLaw 84 B Benchmarking h ki R Reportt 2014 Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 9 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS Benchmarking results with policy implications in NYC • Energy use would be reduced by 18%, if all buildings could reach current average • Since 2013, 2013 LL87 mandates energy audit and retro-commissioning every 10 years, incl. submission of detailed energy efficiency report Results and i i installation i off sub-meters in i non-residential i i tenant space Implications • By 2025, LL88 requires • Long Long-term term benchmarking data will be used to track policy impacts, e.g. NYC Clean Heat Program to reduce heavy heating oil use • Data accuracy and verification Issues • Incentivize implementation of improvement measures • Impact of large one-time events, i.e. Hurricane Sandy in 2012, to be considered • Linking energy usage with output output, e.g. e g occupancy density Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 10 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS Siemens’ Site Controls for monitoring and operating large building portfolios Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 11 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS Key challenges in monitoring and benchmarking large building stocks 1 Prioritization of energy efficiency 1. 2. Costs for data collection 3. Lack of common data platform: variety of communication standards and protocols 4. ((Perception) p ) of information security y 5. Challenges of financial evaluation beyond energy savings • Operational efficiency • Productivity and comfort Don’t forget “If If you can't can t measure it it, you can can'tt improve it it.” – If you measure it it, you haven haven’tt yet improved it. it Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 12 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS Dr. Torsten Kleiss Dr Director Strategy Building Technologies Technologies, Control Products and Systems Gubelstr. 22 CH 6300 Z CH-6300 Zug Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] @ siemens.com Restricted © Siemens AG 2015 Page 13 2015-11-19 Dr. Torsten Kleiss / BT CPS