Download USES Wire and cable Copper remains the preferred electrical

USES
Wire and cable
Copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of
electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power
transmission where aluminium is often preferred.
ROOFING
Copper is a great water-proof roofing material. It has been used for this purpose
since ancient times.
TUBES and PIPES
Copper is used to pipe water supplies. The metal is also used in refrigerators and
air conditioning systems.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Copper-zinc alloys form brass that is used in musical instruments, such as cymbals,
trumpets and trombones.
SCULPTURES
Copper is also knowned for its use as a canvass for sculptures and artistic
display items
FURNITURES
Copper can also be used as a base for furnitures and as household items such as
door knobs, sinks, tables, cabinet and chairs.
OXIDE COPPER MINERALS
MALACHITE- is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula
Cu2CO3(OH)2. This opaque, green banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic
crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in
fractures and spaces, deep underground, where the water table and hydrothermal
fluids provide the means for chemical precipitation.
AZURITE- is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore
deposits. It is also known as Chessylite after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines
near Lyon, France. The mineral, a carbonate, has been known since ancient times,
and was mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History under the Greek name
kuanos (κυανός: "deep blue," root of English cyan) and the Latin name
caeruleum.The blue of azurite is exceptionally deep and clear, and for that reason
the mineral has tended to be associated since antiquity with the deep blue color of
low-humidity desert and winter skies. Azurite is soft, with a Mohs hardness of only
3.5 to 4
CHRYSOCOLLA- is a hydrated copper silicate mineral with formula. Chrysocolla has
a cyan (blue-green) color and is a minor ore of copper, having a hardness of 2.5 to
3.5.
SULFIDE COPPER MINERALS
BORNITE- also known as peacock ore, is a sulfide mineral with chemical
composition Cu5FeS4 that crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (pseudo-cubic).
Bornite has a brown to copper-red color on fresh surfaces that tarnishes to various
iridescent shades of blue to purple in places. Mohs scale hardness
3-3.25.
CHALCOCITE- copper(I) sulfide (Cu2S), is an important
copper ore mineral. It is opaque, being colored dark-gray to black with a metallic
luster. It has a hardness of 2½ - 3 on the Mohs scale. It is a sulfide with an
orthorhombic crystal system.
CHALCOPYRITE- is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal
system. It has the chemical composition CuFeS2. It has a brassy to golden yellow
color and a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. Its streak is diagnostic as green
tinged black.
VERDIGRIS
is the common name for a green pigment obtained through the application of
acetic acid to copper plates[1] or the natural patina formed when copper, brass or
bronze is weathered and exposed to air or seawater over a period of time. It is
usually a basic copper carbonate, but near the sea will be a basic copper chloride. If
acetic acid is present at the time of weathering, it may consist of copper(II) acetate.
Etymology
The name verdigris comes from the Middle English vertegrez, from the Old
French verte grez, an alteration of vert-de-Grèce ("green of Greece"). The modern
French spelling of this word is vert-de-gris. Since it was used as a pigment in
paintings and other art objects (as green color), it was required by artists in Greece.
It was originally made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot
until a green crust formed on the copper. Another method of obtaining verdigris
pigment, used in the Middle Ages, was to attach copper strips to a wooden block
with acetic acid, then bury the sealed block in dung. A few weeks later the pot was
dug up and the verdigris scraped off. In eighteenth-century Montpellier, France, it
was manufactured in household cellars, "where copper plates were stacked in clay
pots filled with distilled wine." The verdigris was scraped off weekly by the women
of the household. The chemical reaction exhibited between wine and copper to
produce verdigris may be related to wine's own oxidization process. Another
method, used in the early nineteenth century, had to do with reacting copper
sulfate solution with solutions of lead, barium, or calcium acetate. Their sulfates are
insoluble, forming precipitates and leaving the copper acetate in solution.
Uses
It is used industrially as a fungicide, a catalyst for organic reactions, and in
dyeing.