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Chapter 11 Part 5 Temporal Bone Paranasal Sinuses Petrous Pyramids • Dense portion on temporal bone • Houses – ___________ – ___________ The Ear • 3 Portions – External – Middle – Inner External Ear • ____________ • Tragus • __________ Middle Ear • 3 parts – ________________ – Tympanic __________ – _____________ Tympanic Cavity • Contains ________________ • Epitympanic recess (Attic) – _______________ • Tympanic cavity proper – Larger – Inferior aspect – _________________ • Passage from middle ear to _______________ • Equalizes pressure Ossicle Articulations • _____________ – Attached to tympanic membrane – Receives vibrations and relates to • ______________ – Transmits vibrations from Malleus and passes on to • ____________ – Smallest – Transmits vibrations to oval window Internal Ear • Area of hearing and equilibrium • Contains 2 parts – __________________ – __________________ • Area within the osseous labyrinth Osseous Labyrinth • 3 parts – _____________ • For hearing • Round window – _____________ • Oval window – ____________________ • For equilibrium Internal Acoustic Meatus • Area of auditory and facial nerves • _______________best to visualize Mastoids • Inferior portion of ___________ • Mastoid air cells – Connects to middle ear from ________ by way of the __________ • Due to this direct connection infection can reach ________________ Sinuses • ________________ – Lined with mucus membranes • Surrounding the nasal cavity • All _______________ with each other by way of nasal cavity Osteomeatal Complex • Area where __________is collected • Made of – __________- Nasal Conchae (Turbinates) – __________ – Spaces between conchae • From the osteomeatal complex to the nasal cavities Sinuses Con’t • Maxillary (2) • Frontal (usually 2) • Ethmoid (Many) • Sphenoid (1 or 2) Maxillary Sinus “Antrum of Highmore” • ________________ • Located in the body of maxillary bones – Lateral to Nasal cavity • Communicates to osteomeatal complex by way of _______________into middle nasal ____________ (Separated by uncinate process of ethmoid) Frontal Sinus • Located between ______________table of skull in frontal bone – Posterior to glabella • Can have 2 (most common) or 1 large sinus – _______________ • Communicate to osteomeatal complex by Ethmoid sinus through ______________ Ethmoid Sinus • Located within the ethmoid bone _______________ • Many _____________ – Anterior, middle, posterior collections • Communicates with the osteomeatal complex directly by way of anterior collections and drains into ____________ Sphenoid Sinus • Located in the body of the sphenoid bone – Inferior to __________ • Can have ____________ • Communicates to the osteomeatal complex by way of the _______________ Imaging the sinuses • • • • • • Routine ________________________ Waters (Parietoacanthial) PA Caldwell Right or Left Lateral SMV 40” SID 70-80 kVp Waters • Tip of chin on IR Nose ½ to 1” off • ________________ perpendicular – OML forms 37° • Mid sagittal line perpendicular • CR to exit ___________________ • Open mouth can show – _________________ PA Caldwell • PA Projection, Upright • __________________ – ______________and OML Perpendicular • Mid sagittal plane perpendicular • CR to exit ______________ Lateral • Right or left site dependant of area of interest or department protocol. Upright • Place pt into anterior oblique • _____________perpendicular to IR • _______________to front of cassette • CR to enter between ____________________ SMV • Upright • Tilt head back so ______________to IR • Mid sagittal perpendicular • CR to enter between _______________ CT Invasion • Thin ________________ • Better visualization of ___________ complex
