Download Overview of Kingdom Animalia

2/17/2012
Kingdom Plantae vs. Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
Similarities
Differences
Yeehaw! We are finally here!
What is an Animal?
• Create the following chart:
I’m SURE
these ARE
animals.
I’m SURE
these ARE
NOT animals.
I’m NOT SURE
if these are
animals or not.
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Strawberry Anemone
Anemone Fish & Bulb-tip Anemone
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Euglena
Rotifer
Volvox
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Cellular Slime Mold
Paramecium
Coral
Pitcher Plant
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So…what makes an animal an
animal?
• Obtains food (heterotrophic)
• Digests food
• Cellular structure
How is the Kingdom Animalia
Organized?
• Invertebrates
– No backbone (ex: jellyfish, sponge)
– Often has a hard-covering on outside of body
(exoskeleton)
• Grasshopper, beetle, spider, crab
– Eukaryotic
– Multicellular
– Specialized cells form tissues & organs
– No cell walls
• Motile
– May have an internal skeleton (endoskeleton)
• Sea star (Calcium Carbonate), Shark (Cartilage) or bone
– 95% of all described animal species
• Vertebrates
– With backbone
– Often has an endoskeleton too
• humans
Key Concept:
Comparative Anatomy
• Comparing and Contrasting body structures
between animals in order to classify them.
• Compare & Contrast the anatomy of an
ORANGE and an APPLE
Similarities
Differences
Key Concept: Structure /
Function Relationships
• Determining how the parts of an
organism and their arrangement are
related to their function.
• Ex: An elbow joint is different than a
shoulder joint.
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Example: A Hammer
Example: Human
Hand
Structure
Structure
Function
Function
Key Concept: Symmetry
The arrangement of body structures.
1. Assymetry: irregular shape.
2. Radial symmetry: divided along a
plane into roughly equal halves.
3. Bilateral symmetry: divides into left
and right.
Relating Form to Function:
Assymetrical Life Forms
• Difficulty moving in any direction
• Often sessile (attached to a surface)
• Lives in ocean, where food is suspended and
washes by the organism
• Developed from ectoderm
• Examples: Sponges, Corals
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Relating Form to Function:
Radially Symmetrical Life Forms
• Allows animal to detect & capture prey
coming toward it in any direction.
• Developed from ectoderm & endoderm
(2-layer body)
• Examples: Hydra, Jellyfish
Relating Form to Function:
Bilateral Symmetry
•Sensory organs are concentrated in anterior end
•Can find food, mates, and avoid predators
because sensory organs are highly developed
•Good muscular control
•Developed from ectoderm, endoderm &
mesoderm
•Often have fluid-filled spaces inside in which
internal organs are suspended.
Dorsal
Posterior
Development
of Animals
Anterior
Ventral
• Gastrulation of
Xenopus Video
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Stages of Development
1.
Fertilization: a sperm cell penetrates an egg cell to
form a zygote
2. Cell division: zygote divides through mitosis,
forming an embryo, until a cell covered fluid filled
ball is formed called a blastula (five days for
humans)
3. Gastrulation: the cells on one side of the blastula
move inward to form a gastrula, which is a structure
made up of two layers of cells with an opening at
one end.
1. Ectoderm: outer layer of cells that will develop
into the skin and nervious tissue
2. Endoderm: inner layer of cells that will develop
into the lining of the digestive tract and organs
associated with digestion.
4. Formation of mesoderm: the mesoderm consists of
cells in the middle of the embryo that will form the
muscles, circulatory system, muscles, excretory
system, and respiratory system.
Classifying Animals according to
Mouth Development
• Protostome: when the opening of the
gastrula develops into a mouth
– Ex: snails, earthworms, insects
• Deuterostome: when the mouth does
not develop from the opening of the
gastrula
– Ex: sea stars, fishes, toads, snakes, birds,
humans
Bilaterally Symmetrical
Animals can be Further
Classified
1. Acoelomates:
– No fluid-filled cavity, digestive tract
extends throughout body
– Solid & compact bodies
– Probably evolved first
– Example: Flatworms
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2. Pseudocoelomates:
•
•
•
•
Fluid filled cavities with some lining of the
mesoderm
Can move quickly, because of this rigid,
fluid filled space upon which the muscles
can brace themselves.
One way digestive tract
Example: Roundworm
3. Coelomates:
• Fluid filled cavity completely lined with
mesoderm (called a coelem)
• Specialized organs and organ systems can
develop in coelem
• Coelem cushions & protects internal organs,
provides room for them to grow, and move
independently within an animals body
• Example: Earthworm
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