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PN junction Across 3. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 14. A voltage applied to a circuit or device, esp a semiconductor device, in the direction that produces the larger current To treat a semiconductor with an additive used to improve its properties. The difference in energy between electron orbitals in which the electrons are not free to move (called valence bands) and orbitals in which they are relatively free and can carry a current (called conduction bands). Any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors, and used especially as a base material for computer chips and other electronic devices. A transition region between regions of differing electrical properties in a semiconductor. An array of atoms, ions, etc, in a crystal or an array of points indicating their positions in space. A vacant position in an atom left by the absence of a valence electron. A voltage applied to a circuit or device, esp a semiconductor device, in the direction that blocks the passage of the current. A semiconductor which is not doped. A machine or tool used for a specific task. Down 1. A region at the interface between dissimilar zones of conductivity in a semiconductor, in which there are few charge carriers. 2. The abrupt failure of an insulator or insulating medium to restrict the flow of current. 4. An electronic device that restricts current flow chiefly to one direction. 6. A nonmetallic element occurring extensively in the earth's crust in silica and silicates and used doped or in combination with other materials in glass, semiconducting devices. 12. To form by combining materials or parts; construct.