Download Unit 2: The United States and Canada

World Geography
Unit 2: United States and
Canada
Spring 2009
Location of major physical features
► Rocky
Mountains
► _____________________
► Pacific Mountain Ranges
► Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans
► Gulf of Mexico
► Great Plains
► _____________________
Subregions
► Subregions




______________
______________
______________
______________
► Subregions




of the United States
of Canada
________________ Provinces
________________ Provinces
________________ Provinces
_____________________________________
Subregions of United States
► Northeast:
• New England —six _________ states of
Northeast:
► -Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Mass.,
Rhode Island, Connecticut
• __________________ states: Pennsylvania,
New York, New Jersey
• Northeast has only ______of land, but
_____ of population
Northeast
► Europeans
settled here first; region served
as _________________
► Northeast was, and is, U.S. heart of trade,
commerce, industry
- Philadelphia, Boston, New York City:
international trade centers
- U.S. industrialization fueled by
Pennsylvania coal, iron ore, oil
Northeast
► Today
most people are employed in
____________________________________
► ________ farmland in Pennsylvania, New
York, New Jersey
► New England too hilly, rocky for much
agriculture
► “______________”: some Mid-Atlantic
industry declined, moved south, west
NE: Growth of the Megalopolis
• Megalopolis—
____________________________________
- “___________:” Boston, New York City,
Philadelphia, Washington,D.C.
- 500 miles; ______ of U.S. population;
connected by road, rail, air links
Midwest Region
Region: the Midwest
► The
Midwest —north-central U.S., known
as the ____________________________
- ______ of U.S. land, _____of population
- early settlers came from Britain,
Germany, Scandinavia
Midwest
► Agricultural
and Industrial Heartland
• Central location, soil, climate make it nation’s
“_________________”
- corn, wheat, soy beans, meat, dairy; meatpacking, food-processing
• Trade, distribution on ______________________,
with _____________ as hub
- cities near Great Lakes: Chicago, Cleveland,
Detroit, Milwaukee
- on rivers: Cincinnati, St. Louis,
Minneapolis/St. Paul, Omaha
Midwest
► Changing
Face of the Midwest
• Farm numbers ____________, more people
working in service industries
• ______________________ areas expand
as people leave cities for suburbs
• People and industries moving to
______________________________
Map of the South Region
Region: The South
► The
Region
• The South — _______ of U.S. land, more
than ______ of population
- 11 states were once part of the Civil
War Confederacy
- Texas was in Confederacy, sometimes
considered part of _______________
The South
► The
Old South
• _____________` was England’s first
American colony
• South’s ethnic mix includes Africans,
Hispanics, Cajuns, Creoles
• Once agricultural, __________; now rapidly
changing, _________ growing
The South
The New South
• Agriculture: cotton, tobacco, fruits, peanuts, rice, livestock
• Energy resources and air conditioning boost industry in
1950s
“_____________” attracts _____________________
_________________________
industries: petroleum, steel, chemicals, textiles,
electronics
• __________________ —large cities and nearby
suburbs, towns
Atlanta (hub); Miami, New Orleans, Houston,
Dallas, San Antonio
►
The West
Region: The West
► The
Region
• The West —from Great Plains to Pacific,
plus Alaska and Hawaii
- _______ of U.S. land, ____ of population
- people settle where climate and
landforms are most ________________
The West
Developing the West
• California is most populous state
- ____________________ the West’s cultural,
commercial center
• Rapid 20th-century growth due to
____________________, irrigation
- Colorado River water diverted to Las Vegas,
Tucson, Phoenix
• Economy: foreign trade with Asia; varied industries
- farms, ranches, logging, fish, mines, oil,
tourism, film, computers
Subregions of Canada
Subregions of Canada: Atlantic
Provinces
► Harsh
Lands and Small Populations
• Eastern Canada’s Atlantic Provinces:
- Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, Newfoundland
• Only ______ of Canada’s population, due to
___________ terrain, __________harsh weather
• Most people live in ____________ cities such as:
- Halifax, Nova Scotia
- St. John, New Brunswick
The Core Provinces—
Quebec and Ontario
► The
Heartland of Canada
• Quebec City: French explorer Samuel de
Champlain built fort in 1608
• _______ Canada’s population live in Core
Provinces Ontario and Quebec
- Ontario has ____________________;
Quebec has the ___________________
Quebec and Ontario
► Canada’s
•
•
•
•
Political and Economic
Center
__________, Ontario is the national capital
___________ has great political importance
in French-Canadian life
Core: 35% of Canada’s crops, 45% of
minerals, 70% of manufacturing
____________ the largest city, finance hub;
____________ second largest city
The Prairie Provinces
► Canada’s
________________
• Great Plains Prairie Provinces: Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, Alberta
• 50% of Canada’s agricultural production,
60% of mineral output
- Alberta has ______, ______ deposits;
produces 90% of Canada’s _____________
The Pacific Province and the
Territories
► British
•
•
•
-
Columbia
British Columbia —____________________,
mostly in ____________ Mountains
-_______ is forests; _______ is frozen tundra,
snowfields, glaciers
Most people live in _____________;
-major cities are Victoria, Vancouver
Economy built on logging, mining, hydroelectric
power
Vancouver is Canada’s largest port, has a
prosperous shipping trade
Northwest Territories
The Territories
• The _______________________________________
account for 41% of Canada’s land
• Sparsely populated due to rugged land and severe climate
______________ has population of 30,000; mostly
wilderness
_______________________ has population of 41,000;
extends into _________.
______________ was created from Northwest
Territories in ________; home to _________.
• Territories’ economies include mining, fishing, some
logging
►
Nunavut Territory and the Inuit
What are the major Climates of US
and Canada
► Tundra
► Subarctic
► Highland
► Humid Continental
► Marine West Coast
► Humid Subtropical
► Mediterranean
► Semiarid
► Desert
► Tropical Wet
► Tropical Wet and Dry
Describe the major climates of
Canada and United States
► Colder
Climates
 Tundra: _____________________________________
► Long
bitterly ______ winters
► Short and chilly summers (av. High ______° F.)
► ___________________
 Subarctic: ____________ climate of Alaska and Canada
► ________
winters/short _______ summers
► Evergreen forest
 Highland: _________ Mountains and ________ Ranges
► Temperatures
and Vegetation vary with elevation
► Why?
 What is Permafrost?
► Moderate
Climates
 Humid Continental: N. Central NE U.S. and Southern
Canada
► ________
winters/ ______ summers
► ____________________
► Most of Canadian population resides in this climate
► In U.S., deciduous forests lie east of Miss. River
► In U.S., temperate grasslands west of Miss. River
 Marine West Coast: Pacific Coast-N.CAS. AK
► Summers
_____/winters ____________
► Climate influenced by ___________________________
_________________________, and prevailing westerlies
 Prevailing westerlies: winds that blow west to east
► Mild
Climates
 Humid Subtropical: most __________states
►_______________
summer/ mild _______ winters
►________________
 Mediterranean: Central and South CA coast
►_______
sunny summers
►Mild ________ winters
►Temperatures range from 50° to 80° year round
► Dry
Climates
 Semiarid: Great Plains, northern Great Basin
► ____________weather,
______rainfall/yr
 Desert: Southwestern States
► _____________________
weather, ______rainfall/yr
► Mojave and Sonoran deserts
► Tropical
Climates
 Tropical Wet: HI
► Mount
Waialeale on Kauai Island is one of the wettest spots
on earth. Av. annual rainfall: _____________rainfall/yr
► Temperatures in 70s
 Tropical Wet/Dry: Southern FL
► Distinct
Wet/Dry seasons
► ____________________
How do major climates affect the
United States and Canada
Weather-influenced by Climate
Map page 106
• Warm Gulf air clashes with cold Canadian air over
the Great Plains
- creates _______________________________
• ________________ sweep the Gulf and Atlantic
coasts in summer and fall
• Heavy rains cause _________ along big rivers like
the Mississippi
• Heat, lack of rain bring ___________, dust storms,
forest fires
Hurricanes
Tornados and Thunderstorms
Drought
.
How else do major climates impact
the United States and Canada?
►
Settlement patterns
 i.e. sunbelt
Industry
--Agriculture
--Tourism
http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/overviewChangingNation.htm
► Population
Density of the US and Canada
► Use map on page 107 to answer these questions
 Which area has the lowest population density?
► How
can you tell it has the lowest density?
► Why does the SW have the lowest population density?
 In what area of the US is the population density the
highest?
 What do the cities in the area with the highest
population density all have in common?
 What other areas have high population densities?
► Why
are the populations higher in these specific areas?
 What is the population density of Atlanta?
Edmonton? New York?
Reasons for Population Distribution
in Canada and the United States
► Why
is most of Canada’s population along
the border with the US?
► Consider
 Climate and Topography
 Bodies of Water
 Settlement patterns
Why people live where they live
People settle in regions for various reasons
-i.e. land/resources, climate
Therefore, physical geography can lead to
regional growth and development
Rich and abundant soils encouraged
______________________ travel to
Midwest.
_________________deposits helped the
Northeast develop ___________________
Look at Natural Resources Map on
page 120
What information can we get from this
map?
► Does this map help explain location of
industry?
►
 Why or why not?
► Is
the information useful when determining
population distribution?
 Why or why not?
 Also think historically!
Look at the map on pg 106 and
answer the questions in your notes
► Page
106 top map: Canada-US connections
 Look at Canada-US Connections
►What
does this map show?
►What can we decipher from this map?
Look at map on page 106 and answer questions
in your notes
► Economic
activities of the US Canada
 What is Canada’s most wide spread economic
activity? US econ activity?
 Why is (forestry/hunt/fish or commercial farming) the
most prevalent econ activity?
 Near what bodies of water do commercial fishermen
live?
► Oceans
► What
about great lakes?
 Around which body of water does a great deal of US
manufacturing occur?
 Where are manufacturing and trade concentrated in
the US and Canada?
Shaping An Abundant Land
► The
United States:
- occupies __________ of North America
- world’s ________ largest country in land area,
population
• Rich resources and moderate climate have always
attracted immigrants
- constant ____________—movement—of
peoples within the country
We’re Coming to America
► Nomads
 _______________
► Spanish
 _______________
► French
 _______________
► English
 _______________
Columbian Exchange
The ______________ of plants, animals, and
diseases between the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres during the _____________________
See chart page 136
To Old World (Europe)
tomatoes, corn, turkeys, __________________…
To New World (Americas)
cattle, bananas, peaches, _________________…
Becoming a Nation
► ____________________
War
► Soon after becoming a nation, America began
growing in size.
►
►
►
The United States practically doubled in size with the
Louisiana Purchase of 1803.
Rich, fertile lands
Helped spur westward migration.
Development of Transportation
► Westward
movement helped lead to
development of transportation.
 Wagon trains
 __________________________
 No more frontier by 1900.
► Development
of the _________________
 Led to roads, and eventually ________________
► Transportation
and Industrialization go “hand in
hand”
-How is this statement based on Geography?
How transportation improvements
lead to the growth of industry?
► movement
of goods and materials
 __________
►__________________.
Must have access to water.
 by river (i.e. Mississippi/St Lawrence)
 Ocean (i.e. Port of Savannah)
 ___________
►Do
not have to be located on water
►Opened up more land for industrialization
Canals and
Water
Transport:
How do
canals work?
How are
canals
beneficial?
--Industry
Transportation and the Growth of Industry
► Able
to transport and sell goods and
resources
► Companies and Individuals _________
money earned
 ______________ business
 Produce more product(s)/
►Research
and develop new products
 Build _____________ facilities
 Employ _____________ workers
Consequences of transportation and
communication growth
► __________________:
Poorly planned
development that spreads a city’s
population over a wider and wider
geographic area.
► How did automobiles encourage sprawl?
► What
are the environmental impacts of
urban sprawl?
Solutions to Urban Sprawl
► Many
cities developing plans for smart
growth
► _______________
is the efficient use and
conservation of land and other resources
► Another solution is ___________________
► Definition: a community where residents
can live and work in harmony with the
environment
►What
does this definition mean?
►How will this help ease the problems associated
with Urban Sprawl?
Sprawl
► What
American city has the most sprawl?
► Write your answer down and explain why.
 And the answer is...
►http://sprawlcity.org
► Visual
found at
►http://envplan240.pbwiki.com/Urban+Sprawl
►
►
►
►
Look at this cartoon.
Describe what you see.
What point is the artist trying to make?
Does this cartoon help you understand urban sprawl?
Write this in your agenda
► Homework
Due tomorrow
 Find and print a cartoon depicting Urban Sprawl
 Write in paragraph form
►Describe the cartoon.
 i.e. three men are talking about the future encroachment of
Megalopolis. Only one man is going to work in the city. Etc.
►What is the main point?
 The main point is…
Support your reasoning
 Staple cartoon to your paper.
 This is a graded assignment, please do your
best!
People of the US and Canada
► United
States
 Population: ____ Million
 _____% live in
city/suburb
► Where
do the majority
of Americans have
their ethnic roots?
 Which Continent?
 Which Countries?
► Languages…
► Canada
 Population: ____ Million
(2007 est.)
 _____% live on ____ of
land
 Along 100 mile _____
with US
► Where
do a majority of
Canadians have their
ethnic roots?
► Languages…
Religious Groups in the US
► There
are more than _________ religious
groups in the United States
► Largest group is Christians (approx ____%)
 Why do you think Christians make up the
majority of the American population?
 2% Jewish,
 2% Muslim,
 11% other
Religious Customs and Traditions
► What
are some major customs and
traditions of these religious groups?
► Write them in your notes
Religious Groups in Canada
► __________
Protestant
► __________ Catholic
► Increasing number of Jewish, Muslim, and
other groups immigrating to Canada.
Ethnic groups in US
Turn to page 142 and look at Maps:
-- Which subregion has the highest
concentration of African-Americans? Why?
-- Hispanics? Why?
-- Native Americans? Why?
Complete the Skillbuilder Questions in your
notes