Download Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints

Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
True / False Questions
1. Poor foot mechanics early in life inevitably leads to foot discomfort in later years, and it is
not unusual for individuals to complain of knee, hip, back, and neck pain that stems from the
use of improper shoes.
True False
2. The Trendelenburg test is an easy and effective way to assess gluteus maximus weakness.
True False
3. There are 23 bones in each foot.
True False
4. The body weight is transferred from the tibia to the talus and calcaneus.
True False
5. The base of the 5th metatarsal is enlarged and prominent to serve as an attachment point for
the peroneus brevis and tertius.
True False
6. The two muscles that meet at the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal are the
tibialis anterior and peroneus brevis.
True False
7. The tibia and fibula form the tibiofibular joint, a syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint.
True False
19-1
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
8. The muscles in the deep posterior compartment include the tibialis posterior, the extensor
digitorum longus, and the extensor hallucis longus.
True False
9. The talocrural joint is made up of the talus, the distal tibia, and distal fibula.
True False
10. The subtalar and transverse tarsal joints provide flexion and extension for the ankle and
foot.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
11. The extensor digitorum longus, the extensor hallucis longus, the tibialis anterior, and the
peroneus tertius reside in the _______________ compartment.
A. posterior
B. lateral
C. anterior
D. deep posterior
12. The Achilles tendon perches on the _______________ bone of the foot.
A. talus
B. calcaneus
C. cuboid
D. navicular
19-2
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
13. The _____________ compartment of the leg houses peroneus longus and peroneus
brevis.
A. lateral
B. anterior
C. superficial posterior
D. deep posterior
14. There are ___________ metatarsals in the foot.
A. 14
B. 5
C. 7
D. 2
15. The gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris are located in the ________________
compartment in the leg.
A. deep posterior
B. lateral
C. anterior
D. superficial posterior
16. The muscles of the anterior leg compartment perform ______________.
A. plantar flexion
B. inversion
C. eversion
D. dorsiflexion
17. The _____________ originates on the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.
A. soleus
B. gastrocnemius
C. plantaris
D. flexor digitorum longus
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Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
18. The gastrocnemius and the ________________ form the triceps surae.
A. soleus
B. plantaris
C. flexor digitorum longus
D. tibialis posterior
19. The soleus is a stronger _______________ than the gastrocnemius.
A. dorsiflexor
B. evertor
C. plantar flexor
D. invertor
20. The membrane that separates the anterior from the deep posterior compartment in the leg
is called the ________________.
A. superior retinaculum
B. inferior retinaculum
C. interosseous membrane
D. extensor retinaculum
21. There are __________ phalanges in each foot.
A. 5
B. 14
C. 7
D. 10
22. The tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus are located in the
_________________ compartment of the leg.
A. deep posterior
B. superficial posterior
C. anterior
D. lateral
19-4
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
23. The tarsal bone located just superior to the 3 cuneiform bones is called the
_____________.
A. calcaneus
B. talus
C. navicular
D. cuboid
24. The tarsal bone located beneath the 4th and 5th metatarsals is called the ____________
bone.
A. cuboid
B. talus
C. cuneiform
D. navicular
25. The peroneus longus and the tibialis anterior have insertions on the _____________ and
__________ bones.
A. 1st metatarsal; 2nd cuneiform
B. 2nd metatarsal; medial cuneiform
C. 1st metatarsal; medial cuneiform
D. cuboid; 5th metatarsal
26. The tibialis posterior performs ____________ and ______________.
A. eversion; dorsiflexion
B. inversion; plantar flexion
C. dorsiflexion; inversion
D. plantar flexion; eversion
27. _______________________ is a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion,
and forefoot adduction (toe-in).
A. Pronation
B. Inversion
C. Eversion
D. Supination
19-5
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
28. ________________________ is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion,
and forefoot abduction (toe-out).
A. Supination
B. Pronation
C. Inversion
D. Eversion
29. The peroneus longus originates on the ________________.
A. middle third of the fibula
B. medial condyle of the tibia
C. head of the fibula
D. lateral head of the tibia
30. The flexor digitorum longus originates on the ________________.
A. posterior middle third of the tibia
B. posterior middle third of the fibula
C. anterior tibia medial condyle
D. head of the fibula
31. The peroneus brevis inserts on the base of the _______________.
A. 1st metatarsal
B. 2nd metatarsal
C. 3rd metatarsal
D. 5th metatarsal
32. The tibialis anterior originates on the _____________________.
A. upper two thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia
B. head of the fibula
C. medial condyle of the tibia
D. tibial tuberosity
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Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
33. There are ____________ cuneiform bones in the foot.
A. 6
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
34. The metatarsophalangeal joints are classified as ____________ joints.
A. ginglymus
B. ball-and-socket
C. condyloidal
D. arthroidal
35. There are more than _____________ ligaments in the foot binding bone to bone.
A. 50
B. 40
C. 80
D. 100
36. The peroneus longus may be stretched by moving the foot into extreme inversion and
A. dorsiflexion.
B. plantarflexion.
C. eversion.
D. adduction.
37. A limited ____________ affects gait because push-off after the foot strikes the ground is
limited.
A. soleus
B. tibialis
C. gastrocnemius
D. peroneal
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Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
38. The tibialis posterior muscle is generally strengthened by
A. dorsiflexion against resistance.
B. performing heel raises.
C. eversion against resistance.
D. lunges.
39. This muscle's tendons are isolated by actively taking the four lesser toes into extreme
extension while the foot is everted and dorsiflexed.
A. Gastrocnemius
B. Soleus
C. Flexor digitorum longus
D. Anterior tibialis
40. Performing towel grabs against resistance is helpful for
A. hammer toe.
B. heal pain.
C. sciatica.
D. strengthening foot flexors.
41. 41.To stretch this muscle, the knee must be bent while performing dorsiflexion.
A. Tibialis
B. Gastrocnemius
C. Soleus
D. Peroneals
42. This muscle flexes the big toe.
A. Flexor hallucis longus
B. Peroneus brevis
C. Peroneus tertius
D. Anterior tibialis
19-8
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
43. Strengthen the peroneus tertius by pulling the foot up into _______ against a weight or
resistance.
A. plantar flexion
B. dorsiflexion
C. supination
D. pronation
44. The weighted sock exercise is a great way to strengthen what muscles that acts on the
ankle?
A. The tibia rotators
B. The plantar flexors
C. The dorsiflexors
D. The toes flexors
45. This muscle is important to strengthen along with the gastrocnemius.
A. Peroneus longus
B. Tibialis anterior
C. Peroneus tertius
D. Extensor digitorum longus
46. The extensor digitorum longus may be stretched moving the four lesser toes into full
flexion while the foot is
A. pronated and dorsiflexed.
B. supinated and plantar-flexed.
C. inverted and plantar-flexed.
D. everted and dorsiflexed.
47. The four dorsiflexors of the foot are called into action when
A. running on the track.
B. climbing stairs or while hiking.
C. doing a lunge.
D. sitting in a chair.
19-9
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
48. The adductor hallucis is the sole adductor of the
A. great toe.
B. fifth toe.
C. second toe.
D. entire foot.
49. Eversion and inversion against resistance helps strengthen the
A. gastrocnemius.
B. ankle.
C. knee.
D. foot flexors.
50. During the gastrocnemius stretch, to help intensify the stretch, the torso should remain
A. rotated and flexed.
B. rotated.
C. extended.
D. flexed.
Fill in the Blank Questions
51. Walking and running consist of _________ and _________ phases.
________________________________________
52. The large bony landmarks at the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are called the
____________________.
________________________________________
53. In the walking gait cycle when the foot lands on the heel it is called a(n)
__________________.
________________________________________
19-10
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
54. The movement in the gait cycle when the toe (primarily the first metatarsal) pushes off the
ground to advance that particular foot forward is called ___________________.
________________________________________
55. The _________ phase of the walking gait cycle contains three components: heel-strike,
_________, and toe-off.
________________________________________
56. The two longitudinal arches are called the ________________ and the
_______________.
________________________________________
57. The arch that extends across the foot from one metatarsal bone to the other is called the
________________.
________________________________________
58. The action of grabbing the sand with your toes is called __________________.
________________________________________
59. Movement of the toes away from the plantar surface of the foot is called _________.
________________________________________
60. The _________________ is absent in some humans and contributes minimally to plantar
flexion.
________________________________________
19-11
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
61. The peroneus tertius assists in ______________ as well as in eversion.
________________________________________
62. The ____________ when weak has foot drop as it is normally a very strong ___________
as well as invertor.
________________________________________
63. The exact antagonist for the extensor digitorum longus is the ____________.
________________________________________
64. The _____________ and ______________ perform plantar flexion and are the most
superficial of the calf muscles.
________________________________________
65. The _____________________ originates on the middle two thirds of the posterior surface
of the fibula.
________________________________________
66. The perfect antagonist to the peroneus longus is __________________ as they actually
insert on the same bones and have opposite actions.
________________________________________
67. The peroneals will _______________ if the client walks on the inside of the foot.
________________________________________
68. High heels will make the _____________________ shorten over time.
________________________________________
19-12
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints
69. The muscle that inserts on the plantar surface of the foot on the navicular and cuneiform
bones and bases of the 2nd-5th metatarsals is called the ________________.
________________________________________
70. Curling the toes for too long may cramp the __________________.
________________________________________
71. The most posterior tendon of the deep posterior compartment muscles as they stack
behind the medial malleolus is the _____________.
________________________________________
72. The muscle that is Greek for fibula is called _________________.
________________________________________
73. A tight tibialis anterior pulls on the inside of the foot, __________ the peroneus longus,
and causes weight to shift to the lateral side of the foot.
________________________________________
74. The two tendons that pass along the lower edge of the lateral malleolus are the
_______________________.
________________________________________
75. A tight _____________ makes it almost impossible to flex the great toe.
________________________________________
19-13
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
True / False Questions
1. Poor foot mechanics early in life inevitably leads to foot discomfort in later years, and it is
not unusual for individuals to complain of knee, hip, back, and neck pain that stems from the
use of improper shoes.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-4
2. The Trendelenburg test is an easy and effective way to assess gluteus maximus weakness.
FALSE
It is a test for gluteus medius weakness.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
3. There are 23 bones in each foot.
FALSE
There are 26 bones in each foot.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
19-14
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
4. The body weight is transferred from the tibia to the talus and calcaneus.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
5. The base of the 5th metatarsal is enlarged and prominent to serve as an attachment point for
the peroneus brevis and tertius.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
6. The two muscles that meet at the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal are the
tibialis anterior and peroneus brevis.
FALSE
The peroneus brevis inserts on the base of the 5th metatarsal and the peroneus longus meets
the tibialis anterior on the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Learning Outcome: 19-5
7. The tibia and fibula form the tibiofibular joint, a syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint.
TRUE
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
19-15
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
8. The muscles in the deep posterior compartment include the tibialis posterior, the extensor
digitorum longus, and the extensor hallucis longus.
FALSE
The extensor digitorum longus and the extensor hallucis longus belong in the anterior
compartment. The flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus are in the deep posterior
compartment.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-3
9. The talocrural joint is made up of the talus, the distal tibia, and distal fibula.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
10. The subtalar and transverse tarsal joints provide flexion and extension for the ankle and
foot.
FALSE
This joint provides eversion and inversion for the foot and ankle.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
19-16
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
Multiple Choice Questions
11. The extensor digitorum longus, the extensor hallucis longus, the tibialis anterior, and the
peroneus tertius reside in the _______________ compartment.
A. posterior
B. lateral
C. anterior
D. deep posterior
The muscles of the leg reside in specific compartments. The muscles listed are located
anteriorly thus are in the anterior compartment.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
12. The Achilles tendon perches on the _______________ bone of the foot.
A. talus
B. calcaneus
C. cuboid
D. navicular
The Achilles tendon extends from the gastrocnemius and soleus and inserts on the calcaneus.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Learning Outcome: 19-5
19-17
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
13. The _____________ compartment of the leg houses peroneus longus and peroneus
brevis.
A. lateral
B. anterior
C. superficial posterior
D. deep posterior
The muscles of the leg reside in specific compartments. The muscles listed are located
laterally and thus are in the lateral compartment.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
14. There are ___________ metatarsals in the foot.
A. 14
B. 5
C. 7
D. 2
Five metatarsals line up with the phalanges of the foot.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
19-18
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
15. The gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris are located in the ________________
compartment in the leg.
A. deep posterior
B. lateral
C. anterior
D. superficial posterior
The muscles of the leg reside in specific compartments. The muscles listed are located
superficially on the posterior leg and thus are in the superficial posterior compartment.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
16. The muscles of the anterior leg compartment perform ______________.
A. plantar flexion
B. inversion
C. eversion
D. dorsiflexion
The only action the anterior leg compartment muscles all share is dorsiflexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
19-19
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
17. The _____________ originates on the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.
A. soleus
B. gastrocnemius
C. plantaris
D. flexor digitorum longus
Only the gastrocnemius attaches to medial and lateral condyles of the femur.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Learning Outcome: 19-5
18. The gastrocnemius and the ________________ form the triceps surae.
A. soleus
B. plantaris
C. flexor digitorum longus
D. tibialis posterior
The gastrocnemius and the soleus are labeled the triceps surae for their collective three heads.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
19-20
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
19. The soleus is a stronger _______________ than the gastrocnemius.
A. dorsiflexor
B. evertor
C. plantar flexor
D. invertor
The soleus only job is plantar flexion and does not attach to the femur. It makes it a strong
prime mover for plantar flexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
20. The membrane that separates the anterior from the deep posterior compartment in the leg
is called the ________________.
A. superior retinaculum
B. inferior retinaculum
C. interosseous membrane
D. extensor retinaculum
The interosseous membrane is the tissue that separates the tibia from the fibula and divides
the compartments.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
19-21
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
21. There are __________ phalanges in each foot.
A. 5
B. 14
C. 7
D. 10
Each toe has three phalanges except the great toe has two; 3 times 4 is 12 and 2 is 14.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
22. The tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus are located in the
_________________ compartment of the leg.
A. deep posterior
B. superficial posterior
C. anterior
D. lateral
Tom, Dick, and Harry are the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis
longus and are located in the deep posterior compartment.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
19-22
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
23. The tarsal bone located just superior to the 3 cuneiform bones is called the
_____________.
A. calcaneus
B. talus
C. navicular
D. cuboid
The navicular bone is nestled in next to the cuneiform bones in the foot.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
24. The tarsal bone located beneath the 4th and 5th metatarsals is called the ____________
bone.
A. cuboid
B. talus
C. cuneiform
D. navicular
The cuboid bone sits just beneath the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
19-23
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
25. The peroneus longus and the tibialis anterior have insertions on the _____________ and
__________ bones.
A. 1st metatarsal; 2nd cuneiform
B. 2nd metatarsal; medial cuneiform
C. 1st metatarsal; medial cuneiform
D. cuboid; 5th metatarsal
Coming from separate directions the peroneus longus and the tibialis anterior both insert on
the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform bones.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
26. The tibialis posterior performs ____________ and ______________.
A. eversion; dorsiflexion
B. inversion; plantar flexion
C. dorsiflexion; inversion
D. plantar flexion; eversion
The tibialis posterior performs inversion and plantar flexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
19-24
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
27. _______________________ is a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion,
and forefoot adduction (toe-in).
A. Pronation
B. Inversion
C. Eversion
D. Supination
Supination is a foot movement that combines plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot
adduction.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
28. ________________________ is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion,
and forefoot abduction (toe-out).
A. Supination
B. Pronation
C. Inversion
D. Eversion
Pronation is a foot movement that combines ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and
forefoot abduction (toe-out).
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
19-25
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
29. The peroneus longus originates on the ________________.
A. middle third of the fibula
B. medial condyle of the tibia
C. head of the fibula
D. lateral head of the tibia
The head of the fibula is the origin of the peroneus longus.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
30. The flexor digitorum longus originates on the ________________.
A. posterior middle third of the tibia
B. posterior middle third of the fibula
C. anterior tibia medial condyle
D. head of the fibula
The posterior middle third of the tibia is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
19-26
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
31. The peroneus brevis inserts on the base of the _______________.
A. 1st metatarsal
B. 2nd metatarsal
C. 3rd metatarsal
D. 5th metatarsal
The 5th metatarsal is the insertion of the peroneus brevis.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
32. The tibialis anterior originates on the _____________________.
A. upper two thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia
B. head of the fibula
C. medial condyle of the tibia
D. tibial tuberosity
The upper two thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia is the origin of the tibialis anterior.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
19-27
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
33. There are ____________ cuneiform bones in the foot.
A. 6
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
There are 3 cuneiform bones in the foot.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
34. The metatarsophalangeal joints are classified as ____________ joints.
A. ginglymus
B. ball-and-socket
C. condyloidal
D. arthroidal
The metatarsophalangeal joints perform flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction and are
therefore condyloid-type joints.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
35. There are more than _____________ ligaments in the foot binding bone to bone.
A. 50
B. 40
C. 80
D. 100
All 26 bones are connected to each other with ligaments, more than 100 are in the foot.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-2
19-28
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
36. The peroneus longus may be stretched by moving the foot into extreme inversion and
A. dorsiflexion.
B. plantarflexion.
C. eversion.
D. adduction.
Inversion and dorsiflexion are the opposite actions than what the peroneus longus performs
and therefore the actions to stretch the muscle.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-7
37. A limited ____________ affects gait because push-off after the foot strikes the ground is
limited.
A. soleus
B. tibialis
C. gastrocnemius
D. peroneal
This muscle should be stretched on a daily basis, especially in those who frequently wear high
heels or tight-fitting shoes.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
38. The tibialis posterior muscle is generally strengthened by
A. dorsiflexion against resistance.
B. performing heel raises.
C. eversion against resistance.
D. lunges.
This muscle is strengthened by performing inversion exercises against resistance.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
19-29
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
39. This muscle's tendons are isolated by actively taking the four lesser toes into extreme
extension while the foot is everted and dorsiflexed.
A. Gastrocnemius
B. Soleus
C. Flexor digitorum longus
D. Anterior tibialis
The main belly of flexor digitorum longus may be stretched by using the gastrocnemius
stretch.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
40. Performing towel grabs against resistance is helpful for
A. hammer toe.
B. heal pain.
C. sciatica.
D. strengthening foot flexors.
This exercise also strengthens the flexor digitorum longus.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
19-30
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
41. 41.To stretch this muscle, the knee must be bent while performing dorsiflexion.
A. Tibialis
B. Gastrocnemius
C. Soleus
D. Peroneals
Anterior to the heads of the gastrocnemius lies the soleus, a large flat muscle that covers the
tibia and fibula.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
42. This muscle flexes the big toe.
A. Flexor hallucis longus
B. Peroneus brevis
C. Peroneus tertius
D. Anterior tibialis
Pulling from the underside of the great toe, the flexor hallucis longus muscle may work
independently of the flexor digitorum longus muscle or in conjunction with it.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-7
19-31
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
43. Strengthen the peroneus tertius by pulling the foot up into _______ against a weight or
resistance.
A. plantar flexion
B. dorsiflexion
C. supination
D. pronation
The peroneus tertius, absent in some humans, is a small muscle that assists in dorsal flexion
and eversion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
44. The weighted sock exercise is a great way to strengthen what muscles that acts on the
ankle?
A. The tibia rotators
B. The plantar flexors
C. The dorsiflexors
D. The toes flexors
Dorsiflexion against resistance challenges the many muscles that act on the foot to produce
dorsiflexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
19-32
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
45. This muscle is important to strengthen along with the gastrocnemius.
A. Peroneus longus
B. Tibialis anterior
C. Peroneus tertius
D. Extensor digitorum longus
The anterior tibialis should always be strengthened along with the gastrocnemius, as the more
powerfully developed calf muscle can exhaust the dorsiflexors.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
46. The extensor digitorum longus may be stretched moving the four lesser toes into full
flexion while the foot is
A. pronated and dorsiflexed.
B. supinated and plantar-flexed.
C. inverted and plantar-flexed.
D. everted and dorsiflexed.
Pressure is applied to the top of the toes as the flexion occurs, stretching the attachments of
the extensor tendons.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
47. The four dorsiflexors of the foot are called into action when
A. running on the track.
B. climbing stairs or while hiking.
C. doing a lunge.
D. sitting in a chair.
Dorsiflexion is an important movement; its strength should be balanced with the flexors.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
19-33
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
48. The adductor hallucis is the sole adductor of the
A. great toe.
B. fifth toe.
C. second toe.
D. entire foot.
Four muscles act on the great toe.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-7
49. Eversion and inversion against resistance helps strengthen the
A. gastrocnemius.
B. ankle.
C. knee.
D. foot flexors.
Keeping the ankle stable helps avoid ankle strains.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-6
Learning Outcome: 19-7
50. During the gastrocnemius stretch, to help intensify the stretch, the torso should remain
A. rotated and flexed.
B. rotated.
C. extended.
D. flexed.
A limited gastrocnemius affects gait because push-off after the foot strikes the ground is
limited.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-7
19-34
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
Fill in the Blank Questions
51. Walking and running consist of _________ and _________ phases.
stance; swing
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
52. The large bony landmarks at the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are called the
____________________.
malleoli
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
53. In the walking gait cycle when the foot lands on the heel it is called a(n)
__________________.
heel-strike
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
54. The movement in the gait cycle when the toe (primarily the first metatarsal) pushes off the
ground to advance that particular foot forward is called ___________________.
toe-off
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
19-35
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
55. The _________ phase of the walking gait cycle contains three components: heel-strike,
_________, and toe-off.
stance; midstance
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
56. The two longitudinal arches are called the ________________ and the
_______________.
medial longitudinal arch; lateral longitudinal arch
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
57. The arch that extends across the foot from one metatarsal bone to the other is called the
________________.
transverse arch
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
58. The action of grabbing the sand with your toes is called __________________.
toe flexion
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
19-36
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
59. Movement of the toes away from the plantar surface of the foot is called _________.
toe extension
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
60. The _________________ is absent in some humans and contributes minimally to plantar
flexion.
plantaris
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
61. The peroneus tertius assists in ______________ as well as in eversion.
dorsiflexion
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
62. The ____________ when weak has foot drop as it is normally a very strong ___________
as well as invertor.
tibialis anterior; dorsiflexion
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
19-37
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
63. The exact antagonist for the extensor digitorum longus is the ____________.
flexor digitorum longus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
64. The _____________ and ______________ perform plantar flexion and are the most
superficial of the calf muscles.
gastrocnemius; soleus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
65. The _____________________ originates on the middle two thirds of the posterior surface
of the fibula.
flexor hallucis longus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Learning Outcome: 19-5
19-38
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
66. The perfect antagonist to the peroneus longus is __________________ as they actually
insert on the same bones and have opposite actions.
tibialis anterior
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-5
Learning Outcome: 19-6
67. The peroneals will _______________ if the client walks on the inside of the foot.
shorten
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
68. High heels will make the _____________________ shorten over time.
posterior calf muscles, gastrocnemius, and soleus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
19-39
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
69. The muscle that inserts on the plantar surface of the foot on the navicular and cuneiform
bones and bases of the 2nd-5th metatarsals is called the ________________.
tibialis posterior
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Learning Outcome: 19-5
70. Curling the toes for too long may cramp the __________________.
flexor digitorum longus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
71. The most posterior tendon of the deep posterior compartment muscles as they stack
behind the medial malleolus is the _____________.
flexor hallucis longus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-5
72. The muscle that is Greek for fibula is called _________________.
peroneus (longus, brevis, or tertius)
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
19-40
Chapter 019 The Ankle and Foot Joints Key
73. A tight tibialis anterior pulls on the inside of the foot, __________ the peroneus longus,
and causes weight to shift to the lateral side of the foot.
lengthens
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-2
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-5
Learning Outcome: 19-6
74. The two tendons that pass along the lower edge of the lateral malleolus are the
_______________________.
peroneus longus and brevis
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-3
Learning Outcome: 19-5
75. A tight _____________ makes it almost impossible to flex the great toe.
extensor hallucis longus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 19-1
Learning Outcome: 19-4
Learning Outcome: 19-6
19-41