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CELLULES MEDIUM VOLTAGE CEP14/15 Thoughts on the distribution of electrical energy 950 V—3200 V—5500 V—6600 V 2 CONTENTS GENERAL : The receivers………………………………………………………………………………. p. 4 Network transformer in a pit or compact substation………………………………………. p. 4 The LV sub network………………………………………………………………………..p. 5 The TIT transportation network…………………………………………………………… p. 6 Earthing scheme…………………………………………………………………………… p. 7 Pipes calculation……………………………………………………….……….…………..p. 9 Transformer substation…………………………………………………………………..…p. 10 Dimmer……………………………………………………………………………………. p. 10 TIT network control ………………………………………………………………..………p. 10 TOOLS :……………………………………………………………………………………. p. 11 APPLICATION EXAMPLE :…………………………………………………..………… p. 12 APPENDIX : Number of lamps per TIT / LV network transformer………………………….…………….. Choice of the LV cable section………………………………….…………………………… Dimensions of prefab concrete pits………………………………………….……………….. Choice of MV cable section…………………………………………………………………. Appearing impedance of MV and LV cables…………………………………………….….. Voltage drop calculation……………………………………………………………………... Choice guide of transportation voltage level to supply an end of line load………………….. Choice of 950 V cable section………………………………………………………………... p. 18 p. 19 p. 20 p. 21 p. 23 p. 24 p. 26 p. 29 GLOSSARY LV MLV HCP MV NP TIT : Low Voltage. : Maximum Low Voltage. : High Cutting Power. : Medium Voltage. : Nominal Power. : Gathers MLV and MV Voltages Standards : NFC 17-200 from March 2007, NFC 52-410 from 1978 This document is not an exhaustive study, but is merely a collection of observations and advice aimed at aiding specialists. Augier takes no responsibility for use of advice on all previous and future installations. 3 TIT Installation Conception GENERAL : The Receiver : The types of power receivers can be very varied. The parameters below are used to characterize them. Some are directly associated with the type of power receiver and so do not need to be recorded. The type of receiver. Power supply voltage and tolerances. Phase system (single or three phase). Power rating, start-up characteristics (overcurrent, cycle and duration). The type of use: continuous, cyclic or occasional. The conditions for simultaneous operation and simultaneous start-up of several power receivers, if necessary, both in steady state and at start-up. The degree of continuous operation requirement. NETWORK TRANSFORMER IN A PIT OR COMPACT SUBSTATION: In the chapter below, the transformers of network or mini substation will be called "step down sub-station ". The step down sub-station is used to supply a power receiver or group of power receivers. The locations of the step down sub-stations and the configuration of the power receivers are determined according to conditions in the field, relating to installation of these stations and laying of LV lines, by an economic optimization calculation that takes into account the costs of the stations and LV cables, as well as the installation costs. The step down station’s power rating is determined by adding together the power of the supplied power receivers. In addition the following factors will be taken into account : Power efficiencies and factors, accessory power consumption, and possibly an incrementation factor, to determine the theoretical current. Permissible limits for power supply voltage when operating in steady state and at start-up. Ambient temperature conditions. The current/voltage characteristics of the power consumers, the predictable deterioration in electrical efficiency due to ageing, the possible extensions, to determine a working current. The start-up characteristics to define a start-up current, possibly after application of an incr ementation factor. The coupling of the step down tr ansfor mer will be single or thr ee phase, depending on the design of the LV sub-network (see below). 4 There are two possible types of step down sub-station, depending on its power and installation conditions : Either a TED step down station, normally installed as infrastructure in an inspection pit (power limited to 160 kVA). This is an operational complete unit, equipped with two plug-in TIT terminals to ensure line continuity to the downstream sub-station, comprising the TIT/LV transformer, the TIT and LV protection, and the LV output which can be either a 6 meters cable or a plug-in terminal. Pits of watertight transformers must offer an inside volume at least equal to four times the transformer volume. In addition, they must allow cable inputs and their connection with respect to curving radius values indicated by the cable constructor. Transformers’ pits can be prefab. They must be composed of a grill equipped with a locking device by a special screw, which forbids the access to the transformer until the TIT input is not opened at the installation origin, put in circuit breaker and on earth (according to NF C 17 200 standard for road lighting installations). Or a compact internal or external station, depending on the installation conditions, comprising a dry varnish impregnated transformer. Outdoor type compact substations are designed to be installed on a concrete base, with cable output and input from the ground, under plastic wrapping. The step down sub-stations are equipped with the following electrical protection : MV side : one or mor e fuses whose r ating is/ar e deter mined accor ding to the char acter istics of the step down transformer. However this protection will only be installed when there are several TIT/LV sub-stations linked to a step up station, because otherwise it is impossible to ensure selectivity with the step up transformer’s TIT protection. LV side : The LV circuit breaker whose rating must be greater than the working current of the supplied power receivers. In the transformer : thermal probes connected to the LV circuit breaker. THE LV SUB-NETWORK Its layout depends on the terrain’s characteristics, the road layout, the possibilities for underground crossings, the locations of natural or man-made obstacles. A ground scheme must be chosen in accordance with current legislation and the continuous operation requirements. A certain number of rules will be defined as a result of this choice. These rules will determine whether or not it is necessary to install differential protection or insulation monitoring devices on the step down station, and to determine the cross-section of the LV cables, called LV feeder s. These rules are defined in a general way in the standard NF C 15-100 and when appropriate also in specialized standards such as C 17200 or the C 17-205 guide for public lighting. They guarantee : Feeder protection against excess current Personnel protection against indirect contacts 5 Concerning short circuit protection, as described in standard NF C 15-100 (art. 435-1 and 533-3 comments), the LV circuit breaker of the step down sub-station that ensures overcharge protection is also considered to provide short circuit protection at the same time. For road lighting installations, the C 17-205 practical guide nevertheless recommends that the minimum short-circuit rule should be satisfied, and suggests possible reductions in the line cross-section without any additional protection device. The LV sub-network of a step down sub-station as we have designed it does not comprise any reduction in cross-section, and so the case described in guide C 17-205 does not concern us. Let us consider for a moment the possibility that a short-circuit is not detected by the magnetothermal tripping device, therefore creating a continuous fault. In such a case the thermal probe protection installed in our TIT/LV sub-stations is capable of eliminating the fault, regardless of whether or not it is dangerous for the LV feeders. Given these considerations, it is not necessary to satisfy the minimum short-circuit rule, concerning LV networks supplied via TED type or compact type step down transformers. THE TIT TRANSPORTATION NETWORK The number of outputs, their layout : They are determined according to the planned locations for the different TIT/LV substations, the possibilities offered by the terrain for trench excavation, road crossings and civil engineering works. As far as possible we will make every effort to achieve balanced outputs, and when appropriate we will consider the possibility of looping-in 2 outputs together, for repair purposes. Any given output can be implemented as a single antenna, or with T branches or in a cross. The TIT transmission network obtained in this way can also be linear type, star, loop or meshed, or a combination of these different types. The general output characteristics : The output phase system must be three phase, in order to power the three phase TIT/LV sub-stations. In this case, the preferred TIT voltage will be 6600 V, 5500 V or 950 V. It should be noted that single phase TIT/LV sub-stations can however be installed on this type of output. The transformers corresponding to this configuration comprise a phase selector making it possible to balance the output charge distribution on the three phases. If the TIT/LV sub-stations are all single phase, the output can be single phase or three phase. In most cases, the single phase solution with a preferential voltage of 3200 V or 950 V is the most economic and the easiest to implement. However, when the outputs are of a considerable length, the three phase solution with single phase TIT/LV sub-stations can be selected, to reduce line drop and generally satisfy all the rules stipulated in the standards. 6 Earthing scheme : The scheme will be chosen from the TNRC or TNRS schemes, that in general are the most suitable (defined in conformity with standard UTE D17 200). The neutral TIT is linked directly to ground at the installation origin. When the outputs are single phase either scheme can be selected, and the only difference is that in the TNRC scheme the TIT neutral is grounded at each TIT/LV substation, and in the TNRS scheme it is not. If the outputs are three phase the ground scheme has to be TNRS, since the neutral is not distributed. The earth connections must be made : Individual earth connections. Connection to a bare copper conductor with à minimum cross section of 25 mm² which serves as both the earth connection and an equipotential link between the poles. Common earth point with the poles connected by insulated cables. The second solution, the earth network for bonding the equipment earths comprises a bare copper conductor with a minimum cross sectional area of 25 mm² buried directly in the ground corresponding to the TIT line, is the one we recommend because it allows to obtain better resistance to earth values. Since the 1st of October 2003, the NC C 17 200 standard imposes this second solution for road lighting. The earthing circuit this way will enable to connect : The earth point of the TIT/LV transformer. The neutral of TIT winding in a generalised earth scheme (TNR-C). The safety grid in the transformer housing. One point of the low voltage. The conducting parts of any equipment that can be accessed at the same time as that of the road lighting system. For the substation, the earth connection must be a bare conductor 25 mm² made of copper buried at about 50 cm from substation. This conductor will be depth of about 40 cm, the iron framework of the station concrete pedestal being, in that case, linked to this conductor. The transformer neutral must be connected to the earth connection to realise a TN scheme. The substation earth bonding must be connected to the earth connection : The earths of all circuits in the substation. The screens of the cable. The transformer tank. The switching devices. The metal pipework and ducting. However, the doors of the building and the metal ventilation slots should not intentionally be bonded. 7 8 CALCULATION OF FEEDER CROSS SECTION : This calculation will be determined by the maximum authorized voltage drop, by adding together the values from the TIT and LV voltage drops. The total voltage drop must not exceed 6% for a road lighting installation, and 8% in other cases. However it will be necessary to check that the protection fuse located at the circuit origin (at the step up station) makes it possible to satisfy the stipulated rules, i.e.: Protection against indirect contacts. Protection against over charges. Protection against excess current. If necessary a differential relay can be installed, if a TNRS scheme is used, to make it easier to satisfy the rules mentioned above. 9 THE SUBSTATION : The substation will be step up or step down type. Implementation : As far as possible, the substation will be installed in the center of the installation. However, installation off-center is perfectly acceptable when an TIT transmission voltage is used. The implementation will be determined according to the possibilities for installation offered by the site. Nominal Power : Nominal power is determined by the sum of step-down sub-station powers, taking into account the extension possibility or non-project and by retaining a standardized transformer power. Step-up stations will be used for powers from 5 to 160 kVA for easy projects, with most often, only one TIT network departure. Step-down stations will be used for powers from 160 to 1250 kVA which intensities are compatible with the circuit breaking bearing of pluggable terminals of step-down watertight transformers. For service continuity reasons, it is possible to retain a transformation station equipped with two identical power transformers. One transformer supplies the whole installation in case of the failure of one of the transformers. Coupling: The type of step-up transformer coupling depends on which phase system is selected for the TIT outputs. In the case of three phase outputs, it will be three phase. In the case of single phase outputs, it can be three phase, three/two phase, three/single phase or single phase: Three phase can be selected if there are three outputs or a multiple of three. These outputs must be virtu- ally balanced. Three/two phase will be selected if there are two outputs or a multiple of two. These outputs must be virtually balanced. Three/single phase is the only coupling that corresponds to all the possible situations and that allows looping of 2 outputs for repair. It implies that the primary currents will not be balanced. TIT networks control : For networks only composed with lamps, inputs will be temporary, off during the day, controlled by a photo electrical cell doubled with an astronomical clock. The control will also be realizable by current carrier using the STEP II system. For networks supplying receivers different from lamps, inputs will be permanent. For mixt networks, inputs will be permanent the lighting control will be made by current carrier. Dimmer : It is better to put, in the transformer station, a dimmer regulator to reduce the power of lamps during weak traffic hours. The dimmer regulator allows, during hours when reduction happens, consumption savings. 10 TOOLS : In the appendix, you will find all the documentation to help you with the realization of a quick TIT study : Case of the supplying of receiver units at a line end : The guide for the choice of the voltage level transportation to supply the end of line load. Case of the supplying of receivers uniformly spread, road lighting case : Annex : number of lamps for each TIT/LV lighting transformer. Choice of the LV cable section downstream of the step-down watertight transformer. Concrete prefab pits best dimensions for step-down transformers installation. Choice of the MV cable section for single-phase and three-phase networks, for a 2 or 3 % voltage drop. Choice of the MLV cable section for single-phase and three-phase networks, uniformly spread load at the end of the line. Calculation formula enabling to control the choices with the annex usage and AUGIER. 11 APPLICATION EXAMPLE : SUPPLY FOR A ROAD LIGHTING « LV/TIT » INSTALLATION PROJECT : In the following section, by means of an example we show how to determine rapidly the main sections constituting a preliminary study for a road lighting project using TIT transmission voltage. We draw the reader’s attention to the need to check or further specify the results obtained using the method set out below. This is because, apart from the approximate nature of this example, it is not intended to provide an answer for every situation or for every special case that may arise. The aim of the project we have used in this example is to define the power supply for road lighting of a road. Determination of the basis for calculation : The calculations are to be performed on the basis of the information to be supplied below : Number of power consumers and type Installation of the lighting poles Network length Station location Supplied voltage level Installation conditions Altitude less than 1000 meters Internal installation : the installation comprises one lighting pole every 35 m, each fitted with two 250W high pressure sodium lamps. : The lighting poles are set up in the central reservation. : The total length of the installation is 4 km. : The station is located in the middle of the installation. : Three phase 400 V : Maximum ambient temperature 40°C Operating principle : This substation will be supplied from a low voltage three phase 400 V power source, via the mains network, and will transform this voltage into a transmission voltage to be determined. STEP 1 : Determination of the network’s rating power : Determination of number of the lamps : The installation’s power is determined by the number and type of the lamps used, whose mean characteristics are described in guide C 17 205. Application : Number of lamps : 230 Type and power : 250 W HPS Determination of the road lighting transformers’ power : Their power depends on the number of lamps powered by the network transformer. The transformers are used in conformity with standard NFC 52-410, which limits their use to 0.8x NP where NP is the nominal power. 12 As a rule we will use transformers with : 3 kVA in exchangers where the lamps will be distributed in all directions. 5 kVA for the current sections. 10 kVA for the pole power supplies. Other power supplies available according to use. The number of lamps supplied by a transformer is given in our table « Number of lamps by transformers TIT/LV » LAMPS TYPE HPS LAMPS Power (W) 70 100 150 250 400 600 1000 2000 Power (VA) 104 138 196 322 506 713 1242 2310 TRANSFORMER POWER RATING NUMBER OF LAMPS BY TRANSFORMER Nominal power 400 VA 630 VA 1 kVA 2 kVA 3 kVA Using power 320 VA 500 VA 0,8 kVA 1,6 kVA 2,4 kVA 3 5 8 16 24 2 3 5 11 17 1 2 4 8 12 1 1 2 5 7 1 1 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 1 5 kVA 4 kVA 40 29 20 12 8 5 3 1 10 kVA 8 kVA 25 16 11 6 3 Application : 5 kVA with a maximum of 12 lamps HPS 250 W TIT NETWORK Substation TIT/LV 5 kVA Substation TIT/LV 5 kVA 35 m 12 x HPS 250 W Determination of the network’s total power : The total power depends on the number of network transformers Application : 20 network step-down transformers 5 kVA, total power = 100 kVA. STEP 2 : Determination of the low voltage cable cross-section : In general, the TN ground scheme will be used. The cable cross-section depends on : The length of the low voltage sub-network seen from the transformer side, for a transformer placed in the middle. On the protector block rating (LV circuit breaker). 13 The cable section is shown in the « Low voltage cross section determination » Maximum length (m) for one side of the transformer Protected against indirect contacts with 1 extr. MALT Rating power (kVA) 4 6 Cross section (mm²) 10 16 25 0,4 552 774 1143 1561 2000 0,63 1 2 3 4 552 552 345 276 221 5 172 6 8 10 138 774 774 484 387 310 242 194 155 1143 1143 714 571 457 357 286 229 181 1561 1561 976 780 624 488 390 312 248 2000 2000 1250 1000 800 625 500 400 317 Application : Length of the LV sub-network on one side of the transformer : 87.5 meters + 5 meters vertical section per pole. Total length = 102.5 meters. The cable cross section is 2 x 4 mm². TIT Network Substaion TIT/LV 5 kVA Substation TIT/LV 5 kVA LV Câble 2x 4mm² 35 m 102,5m 12 x HPS 250 W STEP 3 : Determination of the distribution type and level of transmission voltage : The distribution may be : Three phase 5500 V for long charged networks, or networks that comprise three phase power receivers. Single phase 3200 V for power values up to 100 kVA, for installations that only have one output. Two phase 3200 V for power values up to 100 kVA, for installations with two balanced outputs (2 x 50 kVA). Application : The substation is placed in the center of the application with 50 kVA to supply on each side. Two phase 3200 V distribution. STEP 4 : Determination and selection of Road lighting Transformers : The transformers are determined according to : The transformer coupling. The type of distribution network (single phase or three phase) . The type of cable used. 14 Application : Single phase transformer for single phase network, using two pole concentric cable TER MM, TED MMX or Modulo BI type. Please refer to the transformer documentation available. STEP 5 : Determination of the MV cable cross-section The choice of cable cross-section depends on the power and length of the network. The length is basically limited by the line drop. Protection is ensured by choosing a protection. The cross-section is given in appendix « MV cable cross section determination », which takes into account a maximum MV line drop of 2%, compatible with the total limit of 6% for MV and LV. Cross section (mm²) Power Rating (kVA) 6 10 16 25 30 1750 2890 4580 7260 40 1310 2170 3435 5445 50 1050 1735 2750 4355 60 875 1445 2290 3630 70 750 1240 1960 3110 80 655 1080 1720 2720 Application : The 3200 V cable cross section for supply 50 kVA per output on the Length 2000 meters is 16 + 16 mm². Two pole concentric cable 16 +16 mm² Single phase network 3200 V TED MMX 5 KVA 3200 V/230 V TED MMX 5 KVA 3200 V/230 V LV Cable 2x4 mm² 35 m 12 x HPS 250 W Step 6 : Determination of the substation : Determination of the substation power : The main transformer’s power must be at least equal to the sum of the nominal powers of the road lighting transformers, supplied downstream (NFC 17-200). We will choose a standard power, chosen in the range : 25, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, or 160 kVA Application : In order to have an extension possibility, the retained power is 125 kVA. 15 The substation will be equipped with : A LV counting table. A step-up set protection and control table. A power transformer, three-two phases, 400 V/3200 V with a 125 kVA power rating. The different features that constitute the protection table are determined depending on the transformer’s characteristics and dimensioned during the definitive study. Conclusion : This fore-study enables to difine the heights conforming to NFC 17-200 et NFC 52-410 standards with respect to a global voltage drop of 6% maximum. All the features of the fore-study, will have to be confirmed by a more precise calculation, in order to also precise and confirm the values obtained. Indeed, for our application, the 3200 V cable section retained would be 10+10 mm². 16 APPENDIX 17 NUMBER OF LAMPS FOR EACH TIT/LV NETWORK TRANSFORMER : Determination of the maximum number of lamps to use depending on the transformers power, conforming to the standard recommendations NFC 17-200, NFC 52-410 and C 17-205 guide. TYPE OF LAMPS HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS MERCURY LAMPS Power Rating (W) 70 100 150 250 400 600 1000 2000 125 250 400 700 Power Rating (VA) 104 138 196 322 506 713 1242 2310 161 310 495 886 1 1 3 5 8 16 1 2 4 9 TRANSFORMER POWER RATING Nominal Power Useful Load 400 VA 630 VA 1 KVA 2 KVA 3 KVA 5 KVA 10 KVA 320 VA 500 VA 0,8 kVA 1,6 kVA 2,4 kVA 4 kVA 8 kVA NUMBER OF LAMPS PER TRANSFORMER 3 5 8 16 24 40 2 3 5 11 17 29 1 2 4 8 12 20 1 1 2 5 7 12 25 1 1 3 4 8 16 1 2 3 5 11 1 2 3 6 1 1 3 2 3 5 10 15 25 1 1 2 5 7 13 25 TYPE OF LAMPS LOW PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS METALLIC IODIZED LAMPS Power Rating (W) 26 35 55 91 131 250 400 1000 2000 Power Rating (VA) 37 51 78 113 152 322 506 1242 2369 1 2 3 6 1 1 3 TRANSFORMER POWER RATING P. Nominale P. utile 400 VA 630 VA 1 KVA 2 KVA 3 KVA 5 KVA 10 KVA 320 VA 500 VA 0,8 kVA 1,6 kVA 2,4 kVA 4 kVA 8 kVA NUMBER OF LAMPS PER TRANSFORMER 8 13 21 43 6 9 15 31 4 6 10 20 30 2 4 7 14 21 35 2 3 5 10 15 26 1 1 2 5 7 12 25 1 1 3 4 8 16 For information : Lamps lifespan is about 8 000 to 10 000 hours. The lighting functioning time, in France, is 4 085 hours. 18 DETERMINATION OF THE LOW VOLTAGE CABLE CROSS SECTION : Single-phase network transformer Maximum lengths in meters of the pipes, single-phase 230 V, TN scheme, with the windings edge linked to the earth, protected against indirect contacts and overloads. Case of single-phase transformers protected by a circuitbreaker associated with a thermal probe. Calculations established with a protection conductor of 1 x 25 mm². Power Rating (kVA) Intensity (A) Under 230 V Protection rating Low voltage Maximum length (m) one side of the transformer Protected against indirect contacts with an earthing plug edge Section (mm²) 4 6 10 16 25 0.4 1.74 C60 N - 10 A (B) 552 774 1143 1561 2000 0.63 2.74 C60 N - 10 A (B) 552 774 1143 1561 2000 1 4.35 C60 N - 10 A (B) 552 774 1143 1561 2000 2 8.70 C60 N - 16 A (B) 345 484 714 976 1250 3 13.04 C60 N - 20 A (B) 276 387 571 780 1000 4 17.39 C60 N - 25 A (B) 221 310 457 624 800 5 21.74 C60 N - 32 A (B) 172 242 357 488 625 6 26.09 C60 N - 40 A (B) 138 194 286 390 500 8 34.78 C60 N - 50 A (B) 155 229 312 400 10 43.48 C60 N - 63 A (B) 181 248 317 Non standard section Maximum lengths (in meters) of single-phase pipes in scheme TN, protected against indirect contacts : L = k U S / (R (1+m)Ind With : k U S R m Ind = 0,8 = 230 V = LV cable section = 0,023 = S / 25 = 5 x circuit-breaker rating Maximum lengths (in meters) of single-phase pipes in scheme TN, protected against circuit breakings : In the case of transformers protected by a circuit-breaker associated to a thermal probe, rule not to be verified. L = K U S / (2 Rcc ind) With : Rcc Ind K = 0,8 = 0,023 (Protection by circuit-breaker) = 5 x circuit-breaker rating 19 DIMENSIONS OF CONCRETE PITS Depending on the existing pit, for TER, TED and MODULOBLOC Transformer Power Rating Dimensions (inside) concrete pits (mm) L l H Approx. Weight (kg) Models TED MMX Modulobloc bi or tri 0,4 à 6 kVA jusqu’à 6 kVA 800 800 887 900 EP 80 TER MM ou MT TED MMX TED MTT Modulobloc bi or tri 1 à 10 kVA 8 et 10 kVA 2 à 10 kVA 8 et 10 kVA 1000 800 887 1100 EP 100 Every TED type With elbow terminals or modulobloc 16 à 32 kVA 1790 880 1200 3000 L5T INDICATIVE DIMENSIONS OF CONCRETE PITS Minimum dimensions (with a 3x25 mm² cable) for TED > 10 kVA and TEH Transformer Concrete pits dimensions (mm) Power Rating L W H (b. straight) H (b. elbowed) 1300 750 1300 1050 1450 800 1350 1150 1700 900 1500 1300 TED MMX 16 kVA TED TTT 5 - 10 kVA TED MMX 25 kVA TED MTT 16 - 25 kVA TED TTT 16 kVA TED MMX 25 kVA TED MTT 50 kVA TED TTT 25 - 32 kVA TEH TTT 50 kVA 1700 900 1600 1400 TEH TTT 80 - 100 kVA 1900 1000 1700 1500 20 DETERMINATION OF THE MV CABLE CROSS SECTION 3200 V single-phase network Compatible with a 2 % voltage drop : Uniformly spread power rating, maximum network departure lengths in meters. 6 Power Rating (kVA) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 3.9 2626 1750 1313 1050 875 750 656 583 525 477 438 404 Cross Section (mm²) 10 16 Impedance at 85 °C 2.36 1.49 4339 6872 2893 4582 2169 3436 1736 2749 1446 2291 1240 1964 1085 1718 964 1527 868 1374 789 1250 723 1145 668 1057 620 982 579 916 542 859 510 809 482 764 457 723 434 687 655 625 598 573 25 0.94 10894 7262 5447 4357 3631 3112 2723 2421 2179 1981 1816 1676 1556 1452 1362 1282 1210 1147 1089 1037 990 947 908 Compatible with a 3 % voltage drop : Uniformly spread power rating, maximum network departure lengths in meters. Power Rating kVA 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 6 3938 2626 1969 1575 1313 1125 985 875 788 716 656 606 563 525 492 463 438 415 Cross Section (mm²) 10 16 6508 10309 4339 6872 3254 5154 2603 4123 2169 3436 1860 2945 1627 2577 1446 2291 1302 2062 1183 1874 1085 1718 1001 1586 930 1473 868 1374 814 1289 766 1213 723 1145 685 1085 651 1031 620 982 592 937 566 896 542 859 25 16340 10894 8170 6536 5447 4669 4085 3631 3268 2971 2723 2514 2334 2179 2043 1922 1816 1720 1634 1556 1485 1421 1362 21 Compatible with a 4 % voltage drop : Uniformly spread power rating, maximum input lengths in meters. Power Rating (kVA) 6 3.9 5251 3501 2626 2101 1750 1500 1313 1167 1050 955 875 808 750 700 656 618 583 553 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 Cross Section (mm²) 10 16 Impedance at 85 °C 2.36 1.49 8678 13745 5785 9163 4339 6872 3471 5498 2893 4582 2479 3927 2169 3436 1928 3054 1736 2749 1578 2499 1446 2291 1335 2115 1240 1964 1157 1833 1085 1718 1021 1617 964 1527 913 1447 868 1374 826 1309 789 1250 755 1195 723 1145 25 0.94 21787 14525 10894 8715 7262 6225 5447 4842 4357 3961 3631 3352 3112 2905 2723 2563 2421 2293 2179 2075 1981 1895 1816 Three-phase 5500 V network, compatible with a 2% voltage drop Power Rating (kVA) 50 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 630 6 10 3.9 6205 3103 2585 2216 1939 1724 1551 1410 1293 1193 1108 1034 2.36 10254 5127 4273 3662 3204 2848 2564 2331 2136 1972 1831 1709 1602 1508 1424 1349 1282 1221 1165 1115 Cross Section (mm²) 16 25 Impedance at 85 °C 1.49 0.94 16242 25745 8121 12872 6767 10727 5801 9195 5076 8045 4512 7151 4060 6436 3691 5851 3384 5363 3123 4951 2900 4597 2707 4291 2538 4023 2388 3786 2256 3576 2137 3387 2030 3218 1934 3065 1846 2926 1765 2798 1692 2682 1624 2574 1289 2043 35 50 0.66 0.46 18333 15278 13095 11458 10185 9167 8333 7639 7051 6548 6111 5729 5392 5093 4825 4583 4365 4167 3986 3819 3667 2910 26304 21920 18789 16440 14614 13152 11957 10960 10117 9394 8768 8220 7737 7307 6922 6576 6263 5978 5718 5480 5261 4175 22 Three-phase 5500 V network, compatible with a 3% voltage drop 6 10 3,9 9308 4654 3878 3324 2909 2585 2327 2115 1939 1790 1662 1551 1454 1369 1293 1225 1163 1108 1058 2,36 15381 7691 6409 5493 4807 4273 3845 3496 3204 2958 2747 2564 2403 2262 2136 2024 1923 1831 1748 1672 1602 1538 1221 Power Rating (kVA) 50 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 630 Cross Section (mm²) 16 25 Impedance at 85 °C 1,49 0,94 24362 38617 12181 19309 10151 16090 8701 13792 7613 12068 6767 10727 6091 9654 5537 8777 5076 8045 4685 7426 4350 6896 4060 6436 3807 6034 3583 5679 3384 5363 3206 5081 3045 4827 2900 4597 2768 4388 2648 4198 2538 4023 2436 3862 1934 3065 35 50 0,66 0,46 22917 19643 17188 15278 13750 12500 11458 10577 9821 9167 8594 8088 7639 7237 6875 6548 6250 5978 5729 5500 4365 32880 28183 24660 21920 19728 17935 16440 15176 14092 13152 12330 11605 10960 10383 9864 9394 8967 8578 8220 7891 6263 35 50 0,66 0,46 30556 26190 22917 20370 18333 16667 15278 14103 13095 12222 11458 10784 10185 9649 9167 8730 8333 7971 7639 7333 5820 32880 29227 26304 23913 21920 20234 18789 17536 16440 15473 14614 13844 13152 12526 11957 11437 10960 10522 8351 Three-phase 5500 V network, compatible with a 4% voltage drop Power Rating (kVA) 50 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 630 6 10 3,9 12410 6205 5171 4432 3878 3447 3103 2821 2585 2387 2216 2068 1939 1825 1724 1633 1551 1477 1410 2,36 20508 10254 8545 7324 6409 5697 5127 4661 4273 3944 3662 3418 3204 3016 2848 2698 2564 2441 2331 2229 2136 2051 1628 Cross Section (mm²) 16 25 Impedance at 85 °C 1,49 0,94 32483 51489 16242 25745 13535 21454 11601 18389 10151 16090 9023 14303 8121 12872 7383 11702 6767 10727 6247 9902 5801 9195 5414 8582 5076 8045 4777 7572 4512 7151 4274 6775 4060 6436 3867 6130 3691 5851 3531 5597 3384 5363 3248 5149 2578 4086 23 LV AND MV CABLES APPEARING IMPEDANCE MV cables : Table valid for concentric bipolar and tripolar cables. Given values for cables calculated at an average temperature of 50 °C. Cross Section (mm²) Impedance ( / km) 6 3.41 10 2.03 16 1.28 25 0.81 35 50 0.58 0.41 LV Cables : Table valid for armed LV bipolar and tripolar cables. Given values for cables calculated at an average temperature of 65 °C. Cross Section (mm²) Impedance ( / km) 4 4.4 6 2.96 10 1.78 16 1.15 25 0.743 35 0.551 50 70 0.421 0.309 24 VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION 1/ LV Side Voltage Drop : ULV 1/a) LV Single Phase Network : ULV = 2 L i (n (n + 1) / 2) Z ULV % = U / 230 (V) i (A) : L (km) : n : Z ( / km) : rated current of one pole i.e. = P(VA) * q / 230 (V) with q : number of lamps per pole and P : power of one lamp inter-distance length between each lighting pole, plus 5 meters cable to reach the pole. Number of poles on the side of the network transformer. LV cable impedance. 1/b) LV Three-phase Network : ULV = 3 L3 (i*3) (n3 (n3 + 1 ) / 2) Z ULV % = U / 400 (V) i (A) : L3 n3 : : Rated current of one pole i.e. = P (VA) * q / 230 (V) with q : number of lamps per pole and P : power of one lamp. Inter-distance between groups of three poles => for example l3 = 3*L + 0,005. Number of poles in group of three. 25 2/ MV Network Voltage Drop : Umv 2/a) TER or TED Type transformers (MV/LV) are regularly distributed in the network A-TER MM or TED MMX : Umv = L I (n(n+1)/2) Z Umv %= Umv / 3200 (V) I(A) : L (km) : n : Z (Ω / km) : Intensity for a transformer calculated on its nominal power in kVA : I=P / 3200 (V). Interdistance between each transformer. Number of transformer. MV cable impedance. B– TER MT or TED MTT : Umv = 3 (3 * L) (3 * I) (n3 (n3 + 1) / 2) Z Umv %= Umv / 5500 (V) I (A) L (km) n3 Z ( / km) : : : : Current of one transformer according to P (VA) calculated as I = P / 5500 (V). Inter-distance length between each transformer. Number of transformers in group of 3. IHV cable impedance. C– TER TT or TED TTT : Umv = 3 L I (n (n + 1) / 2) Z Umv %= Umv / 5500 (V) I (A) L (km) n Z ( / km) : : : : Current of one transformer according to P(VA) calculated as : I = P / (5500 * 3). Inter-distance length between each transformer. Number of transformers. MV cable impedance. 2/b) Deliver of power to a distance of L (km) three-phase network : Umv = 3 L I Z Umv % = Umv / 5500 (V) I (A) : Z ( / km) : L (km) : Current of the network I = P / (5500* 3). MV cable impedance. Distance between the supplier and the receiver. Please note : The power rating mentioned is the sum of the network transformers power rating. In the case of the network transformers load is reduced , we can use the sum of the power rating of the supplied lamps counting a coefficient of around 15 %. 26 Way of using the power supply range graph. These graphs help you to find quickly the right solution for the supply of a single load. The graph inputs are the distances of the load and its power. With these parameters, you obtain the voltage level to use and the wire section. Example : We have several receptors to supply at 3480 meters far. Their power are respectively 10,20,30 and 50 kVA. You have to report on the graph the cross between the 10 kVA line and the 3480 meters line. It is in the area for mono 3200V with a wire section of 6 mm². This is the best solution. You can also notice that it is under the non-continuous line for mono 950V 35mm² wire section. It means this solution is technically working but economically less profitable than medium voltage. It will be use only if we absolutely want to use low voltage. As for the 20 kVA receptors, the only solution is 3200V wire section 6 mm². Then for 30 kVA, we use 10 mm² as wire section and 16 mm² for the 50 kVA receiver. Comment on the graphs. The drawing represent the technical limit for each kind of solution to respect a maximal voltage drop of %. All the area under the drawing respect this condition. The colored areas correspond to domain were the use of a solution is the more accurate. For distance shorter than 500m the graph are not valid. The non-continuous drawing represent the limit for a technically working solution but not profitable. 27 End of line single-phase loads 28 End of line three-phase loads 29 DETERMINATION OF THE 950 V CABLE SECTION 950 V single-phase network uniformly spread power : Compatible with a 2% voltage drop : Maximum input length in meters. Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) I(A) 10,53 16,84 26,32 33,68 52,63 66,32 84,21 105,26 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 566 354 226 177 113 90 71 57 941 588 376 294 188 149 118 94 1456 910 582 455 291 231 182 146 2256 1410 903 705 451 358 282 226 3034 1896 1213 948 607 482 379 303 Compatible with a 3% voltage drop : Maximum input length in meters. Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 I(A) 10,53 16,84 26,32 33,68 52,63 66,32 84,21 105,26 849 530 339 265 170 135 106 85 1411 882 564 441 282 224 176 141 2183 1365 873 682 437 347 273 218 3384 2115 1354 1058 677 537 423 338 4550 2844 1820 1422 910 722 569 455 Compatible with a 4% voltage drop : Maximum input length in meters. Length (m) Power Rating Cross Section (mm²) (kVA) Z (85°) I(A) 10,53 10 16,84 16 26,32 25 33,68 32 52,63 50 66,32 63 84,21 80 105,26 100 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 1132 707 453 354 226 180 141 113 1881 1176 752 588 376 299 235 188 2911 1820 1165 910 582 462 364 291 4513 2820 1805 1410 903 716 564 451 6067 3792 2427 1896 1213 963 758 607 30 950 V three-phase network uniformly spread power : Compatible with a 2% voltage drop : Maximum input length in meters. Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) I (A) 6,08 9,72 15,19 19,45 30,39 38,29 48,62 60,78 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 1132 707 453 354 226 180 141 113 1881 1176 752 588 376 299 235 188 2911 1820 1165 910 582 462 364 291 4513 2820 1805 1410 903 716 564 451 6067 3792 2427 1896 1213 963 758 607 Compatible with a 3% voltage drop : Maximum input length in meters. Length (m) Power Rating Cross Section (mm²) (kVA) Z (85°) I (A) 10 6,08 16 9,72 25 15,19 32 19,45 50 30,39 63 38,29 80 48,62 100 60,78 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 1697 1061 679 530 339 269 212 170 2822 1764 1129 882 564 448 353 282 4367 2729 1747 1365 873 693 546 437 6769 4230 2708 2115 1354 1074 846 677 9101 5688 3640 2844 1820 1445 1138 910 Compatible with a 4% voltage drop : Maximum input length in meters. Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) I (A) 6,08 9,72 15,19 19,45 30,39 38,29 48,62 60,78 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 2263 1415 905 707 453 359 283 226 3762 2351 1505 1176 752 597 470 376 5823 3639 2329 1820 1165 924 728 582 9025 5641 3610 2820 1805 1433 1128 903 12134 7584 4854 3792 2427 1926 1517 1213 31 End of line 950 V single-phase network load : Compatible with a 3% voltage drop : Maximum input lengths in meters : Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) I(A) 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 5 5,26 849 1411 2183 3384 4550 10 10,53 424 705 1092 1692 2275 16 16,84 265 441 682 1058 1422 25 26,32 170 282 437 677 910 32 33,68 133 220 341 529 711 50 52,63 85 141 218 338 455 63 66,32 67 112 173 269 361 80 84,21 53 88 136 212 284 100 105,26 42 71 109 169 228 Compatible with a 4% voltage drop : Maximum input lengths in meters : Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) 5 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) I(A) 5,26 10,53 16,84 26,32 33,68 52,63 66,32 84,21 105,26 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 1132 566 354 226 177 113 90 71 57 1881 941 588 376 294 188 149 118 94 2911 1456 910 582 455 291 231 182 146 4513 2256 1410 903 705 451 358 282 226 6067 3034 1896 1213 948 607 482 379 303 Compatible with a 5% voltage drop : Maximum input lengths in meters : Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) 5 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) I(A) 5,26 10,53 16,84 26,32 33,68 52,63 66,32 84,21 105,26 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 1415 707 442 283 221 141 112 88 71 2351 1176 735 470 367 235 187 147 118 3639 1820 1137 728 569 364 289 227 182 5641 2820 1763 1128 881 564 448 353 282 7584 3792 2370 1517 1185 758 602 474 379 32 End of line 950 V three-phase network load : Compatible with a 3% voltage drop : Maximum input lengths in meters : Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 1697 849 530 339 265 170 135 106 85 2822 1411 882 564 441 282 224 176 141 4367 2183 1365 873 682 437 347 273 218 6769 3384 2115 1354 1058 677 537 423 338 9101 4550 2844 1820 1422 910 722 569 455 I (A) 5 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 3,04 6,08 9,72 15,19 19,45 30,39 38,29 48,62 60,78 Compatible with a 4% voltage drop : Maximum input lengths in meters : Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 2263 1132 707 453 354 226 180 141 113 3762 1881 1176 752 588 376 299 235 188 5823 2911 1820 1165 910 582 462 364 291 9025 4513 2820 1805 1410 903 716 564 451 12134 6067 3792 2427 1896 1213 963 758 607 I (A) 5 10 16 25 32 50 63 80 100 3,04 6,08 9,72 15,19 19,45 30,39 38,29 48,62 60,78 Compatible with a 5% voltage drop : Maximum input lengths in meters : Length (m) Power Rating (kVA) Cross Section (mm²) Z (85°) 6 10 16 25 35 3,19 1,919 1,24 0,8 0,595 I (A) 5 3,04 2829 4703 7278 11281 15168 10 6,08 1415 2351 3639 5641 7584 16 9,72 884 1470 2274 3525 4740 25 15,19 566 941 1456 2256 3034 32 19,45 442 735 1137 1763 2370 50 30,39 283 470 728 1128 1517 63 38,29 225 373 578 895 1204 80 48,62 177 294 455 705 948 100 60,78 141 235 364 564 758 33 PERSONAL NOTES 34 PERSONAL NOTES 35 60 10062 With constant improvements, the manufacturer may alter information without prior warning AUGIER IS CERTIFIED ISO 9001 SINCE 1995 36