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http://www.popsci.com/china-to-launch-worlds-most-powerful-hyperspectral-satellite China To Launch Powerful Civilian Hyperspectral Satellite CCRSS will spot missile bunkers and launchers By Jeffrey Lin and P.W. Singer PopularScience,com Posted January 25, 2016 Image Cuge Chinese Internet This hyperspectral image cube (layers of the image in hundreds of different EM wavelengths) of terrain allows for detailed analysis of the imaged area, since anomalies and features (such as mineral deposits) of the land would react differently to different EM wavelengths. While SEAL Team 6 descended upon Osama Bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan in 2011, they used hyperspectral imaging to gain an edge in nighttime urban combat. But China is soon bringing that advantage to space, preparing to launch the world's most powerful hyperspectral imaging satellite. Many Eyes in One China National Space Administration Hyperspectral cameras, such as this one launched in 2008 on the HJ-1B microsatellite, share technology with spectrometers, which measure the material composition of objects through the unique signature that each material has to a certain EM wavelength. Electro-optical devices like cameras and infrared sensors generally observe only one band in the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. cameras observe the band visible to human eyesight and infrared cameras view the infrared band. Hyperspectral cameras and sensors, on the other hand, can simultaneously view hundreds of electromagnetic bands for a single image, building a layered 'cube' of the image in different electromagnetic wavelengths. The use of such a wide range of wavelengths provides the ability to observe objects which conceal their emissions in one part of the spectrum (i.e. stealth aircraft and thermally suppressed engines) or are hidden (such as underground bunkers). Chang'e 1 Lunar Scans RADI The Chang'e 1 lunar orbiter used a hyperspectral camera to identity different layers of mineral deposits in the lunar crust. Since the 1970s, China has a strong history of scientific and civilian utilization of hyperspectral imaging. Space-based platforms include the Chang'e lunar missions and Earth-observation from the Tiangong space station and HJ-1 small satellite. Aircraft-mounted hyperspectral imagers are used for tasks such as environmental surveys, oil prospecting, disaster relief and crop measurement. As computer processing power improves and hyperspectral sensors get smaller, Chinese civilian and military applications are likely to expand. CCRSS Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth The CCRSS's hyperspectral camera will be a powerful civilian one in orbit, with a 15 meter resolution across 328 electromagnetic bands, once launched later this year. A key in this program is the China Commercial Remote-sensing Satellite System (CCRSS), to be launched later this year. It can collect data on 328 electromagnetic bands, offering very high resolution of up to 15 meters, according to the researchers from the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth in Beijing. In comparison, the U.S. TacSat 3, launched in 2010, collects several hundred electromagentic bands, though at a higher resolution of 4 meters. While it is being launched for commercial users, like most other Chinese earth-observation satellites, it would also be available for military use. Congratulations South China Morning Post Professor Xiang Libin, of the Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites, shakes Chinese President Xi Jinping's hands after received an unspecified decoration in the 2016 National Science and Technology Awards. Notably, on January 8, 2016, hyperspectral expert Professor Xiang Libin of the Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites received an award from President Xi Jinping during the 2016 national science and technology awards ceremony, for an unspecified project. Interestingly, Professor Xiang's non-mention on the awards program mirrors the scrubbing of a 2015 Feng Ru aeronautic award handed out to Professor Wang Zhengguo for developing China's first scramjet hypersonic engine. You Can't Hide National Defense Magazine U.S. Army troops already use hyperspectral imagery (often obtained from aircraft) to locate hidden hazards like IEDs (across many different EM wavelenghts, IEDs and other man-made objects give off a different imagery from natural features). Broader Chinese advances in hyperspectral imaging can be expected to have a variety of military uses. Hyperspectral imaging can be a valuable tool for finding submarines and underwater mines in shallow waters. On land, they can determine the actual composition of objects to distinguish decoys (hyperspectral imaging can capture the differences in EM signature of a wooden decoy versus an actual missile launcher). In the air, hyperspectral sensors can passively detect even thermally shielded stealth aircraft. For counter-WMD missions, hyperspectral imaging can be used to detect nuclear and chemical weapons production, as well as locating the underground tunnels and bunkers that would house those strategic assets. For China, hyperspectral imaging is opening up a whole new world. You may also be interested in: Gaofen 4, the World's Most Powerful Geo Spy Satellite, Continues China's Great Leap Forward Into Space China Tests Its Largest Airship China's Largest Ever Space Rocket Takes Another Big Step Forward China Showcases Plan to Become the Leading Space Power New, Better Chinese Satellite Hits Orbit CHEOS- China's New Eye in Space? Jeffrey Lin and P.W. Singer are very knowledgeable about China’s armament. Pentagon should hire them as consultants. http://www.popsci.com/chinas-quantum-satellite-could-change-cryptography-forever China's Quantum Satellite Could Change Cryptography Forever QUESS could hold the key to uncrackable communications Jeffrey Lin, P.W. Singer, and John Costello Posted March 3, 2016 Science Popular QUESS Satellite In the age of relentless cyberattacks and global electronic surveillance, nations and citizens are looking for any means to secure their communications. China is poised to launch a project that may provide the path to an uncrackable communications system, by turning messages quantum and taking them into space. The new Quantum Space Satellite (QUESS) program is no mere science experiment. China is already becoming a world leader in quantum communications technology; a satellite that delivers quantum communications will be a cornerstone for translating cutting-edge research into a strategic asset for Chinese power worldwide. Cryptography operates through the use of an encryption key (such as a numbers pad), which, when applied to an encryption algorithm, can be used to decrypt or encrypt a message. Quantum entanglement is the act of fusing two or more particles into complementary “quantum states.” In such states, no particle can be independently described, instead the particles exist in a hazy shared quantum state that “collapses” when observed. Quantum encryption thus takes advantage of this feature, using it to detect would-be eavesdroppers, whose presence causes quantum states to collapse and reveal their spying to legitimate parties. Additionally, the complexity of quantum mechanics makes it virtually impossible to reverse engineer the quantum key generated through quantum entanglement. Quantum keys are thus theoretically impossible to crack by even quantum computing -- a theoretical form of supercomputing that promises to defeat traditional forms of encryption. (It is important to note, however, that all is not perfectly secure. Quantum secured communications, like other forms of encryption, are vulnerable to denial of service, physically tampering of the quantum communications device, human failures in operational security and impersonation of sender). Quantum keys are theoretically impossible to crack. The Quantum Space Satellite, aka Quantum Experiments at Space Scale (QUESS), will seek to turn this theory into reality. It will be launched in July 2016. Chief scientist Pan Jianwei remarks that QUESS will complete China's growing quantum communications network, which includes a 2,000-kilometer-long network between Beijing and Shanghai. QUESS's function is to test the phenomena of quantum entanglement. Operated by the China Academy of Sciences, this 500kg satellite contains a quantum key communicator, quantum entanglement emitter, entanglement source, processing unit, and a laser communicator. QUESS will relay transmissions between two ground stations (one in China, and the other in Europe) transmitting quantum keys. Pan remarked that the distances involved (the QUESS orbits at an altitude of 1,000km) is ideal for testing quantum teleportation of photons. Additionally, the Austrian Academy of Sciences will provide the optical receivers for the European ground stations. Quantum teleportation In addition to its own efforts, Chinese scientists are teaming up with their European counterparts on other quantum technologies such as photon teleportation, transmission error reduction and random number generators. If QUESS is successful, China will build an Asian-European quantum key distribution network by 2020, to be followed by a global quantum communications network in 2030. QUESS is one of the National Space Science Center's "Strategic Priority Programs," which include scientific projects that look at black holes, dark matter, and cosmic background radiation. The program marks a significant shift in Chinese space programs, which have largely focused on human and robotic space exploration rather than space science. But there is no doubt of its security intent. Pan noted that the unbreakable security of quantum cryptography would be vital to any Chinese regional warfighting capabilities. QUESS fits into a broader series of experimental quantum encryption programs which may be intended to address concerns over China's information security, particularly in the post Snowden era. Government, military, and financial networks are juicy targets for espionage, and quantum encryption promises to provide a level of potentially unbreakable encryption for these systems, as well as a sure-fire method to detect any attempts at intrusion. http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/internet-abuzz-after-quantum-computing-lesson-canadian-pmtrudeau-n557071 Internet Abuzz After Quantum Computing Lesson by Canadian PM Trudeau BY REUTERS See Justin Trudeau's 'a beautiful mind' moment and more in Sunday TODAY's roundtable 6:44 TORONTO — The internet was abuzz with praise for Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on Saturday after clips showing him schooling a reporter on quantum computing went viral. While political opponents learned a lesson about underestimating the photogenic Trudeau, 44, during last year's surprise electoral upset, the unnamed reporter fell into the same trap during an event at a Canadian university on Friday when he jokingly tested the former teacher's knowledge. Trudeau's explanation on quantum computing generated cheers and applause from the room and set social media abuzz.