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Unit 4 Muscles GN for PPT #1 Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles Name:________________________________ 11/16 Muscle Functions: Movement: ex: _______________,______________________,_______________________ Stability: ex:_______________________________________________________________________ Communication:____________________________________________________________________ Heat Production:____________________________________________________________________ Types of Muscle: Skeletal: _________________ & _____________________ ex:_____________________________________________ Smooth: _____________________ex: _______________________________________________________________ Cardiac: Heart (of course) Which two types of muscle are striated?_______________________________________________ Muscle Cell and Connective tissues Skeletal muscles are composed of ___________________________________________ Skeletal muscle is about _________________diameter and up to ____________________ Muscle Cell = Muscle Fiber **Muscle fiber is surrounded by connective tissue called : ____________________ (this covering allows for _____________________________________________) **Muscle fibers are bundled into _________________________ (these can be seen by the naked eye, looks like _______________) **Each fascile is seperated and wrapped apart from other fascicles by a sheath of **Connective tissue called the ________________________. **The entire muscle as a whole is surrounded by another connective tissue layer: ________________________. **The Epimysium gradually becomes connective tissue sheaths called ________________ ** Fascia thikens and becomes _________________________ (no fat) between Adjacent muscles. **This becomes _________________________between muscles and skin. Some places very adipose like_________________. Fascia also forms into ___________________ Creation of Muscle cells: in Embryonic development ____________________called ________________fuse to produce each muscle fiber. Muscle Cellular Organization: Each muscle fiber (cell) has many__________________________________________ Each muscle fiber (cell) has many _______________________________________________________________________ Muscle fiber has plasma membrane called ___________________________________ Muscle fiber has cytoplasm called _____________________________________________ Muscle fiber has many _______________________________________________ The ______________________contains a lot of _____________________________which provides energy and the _______________________________stores ______________________. Other organelles are also packed into the spaces between the myofibrils such as: Sarcoplastic Reticulum:________________________________________________________ Forms a network around each _______________________. _________________________: These are Transverse tubules which __________________________________________ _________________________: Produce ATP from O2 and glucose (_______________________________________). Lets go even smaller and look inside at the Structure of Myofibrils Myofibrils are the ______________________________that fill most of the muscle cell!! Each Myofibril is a bundle of _____________________________________________________= Myofilaments There are 3 kinds of Myofilaments: (Myofilaments are responsible for muscle movement) 1. THICK FILAMENTS: Hundreds of strands of protein called ____________________________ (looks llike golf clubs) 2. THIN FILAMENTS: “2” intertwinde strands of protein called _______________________ (fibrous actin with “globs” of globular actin) Each g-actin (_______________________) has an active site that binds to the ___________________________ Thin Filaments have 40-60 ___________________________________________________of _______________________ When muscle is RELAXED Tropomyosin BLOCKS ACTINS and _________________________________________________ The thin filaments also have ___________________________ : a Calcium binding protein Tropomyosine and Troponin are __________________________________ Myosin and Actin are ___________________________________________. 3. ELASTIC FILAMENTS: made of HUGE ______________________called ______________________ They help to stabilize the ____________________________________________________________________. ** Flank thick filaments and Anchor to Z disc **Center thick filaments between the thin filaments There are many accessory proteins as well As many as 20 that help the function of muscles. Dystrophan: An accessory Protein that: 1. Links Actin in outermost ________________________ 2. Transfers ______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Muscular Dystrophy is the result of _________________________________ __________________________________ Myofibrils are made up of what three types of filaments? FILAMENT ORGANIZATION: Actin and Myosin are in ALL cells and control__________________. In muscle cells they are______________________ And (act to _________________________________). ___________________________are organized in a precise array which is seen as ________________________________ Striated muscle has a _____________________________ alternating with _____________________________________. Band regions in myofibril: A Band=___________________________________________________________________________________________ H Bands= __________________________________________________________________________________________ I Bands=___________________________________________________________________________________________ Z Disc=____________________________________________________________________________________________ Sarcomere=_______________________________________________________________________________________ The reason a muscle can shorten is because :____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________. As discs are pulled closer they pull on the _______________________________________________________ ________________________________ The Sarcomere is the:__________________________________________________________________