Download Unit 2 Exam - Rowan County Schools

Unit 2 Exam
Read carefully and choose the BEST answer to the following questions:
1.
Mercantilism can best be described as an economic system which
a. Benefits a nation’s colonies by granting them a great amount of freedom to handle their own
economic interests
b.
Limits economic growth because the country is not supposed to expand
c.
Seeks to create a strong self-sufficient country by controlling the economic activities of its
colonies
d.
Relies solely on the economic customs and beliefs of previous generations, especially agriculture
2.
Which of the following best describes a country under a market economy?
a.
The government decides how much milk or gasoline an individual is allowed to purchase
b.
Economic decisions are made according to the traditions of previous generations
c.
Economic decisions such as what to produce are made by the government because it has the
interests of the people at heart
d.
Individuals make economic decisions based on their own specific best interests
3. During the colonial period colonists were engaged in many agricultural and industrial activities.
Which best describes the dominant type of economic activities taking place in colonial America?
a.
North – naval stores and indigo; South – shipbuilding and rum
b.
North – whaling and tobacco; South – fishing and shipbuilding
c.
North – tobacco and rice; South – Iron and whaling
d.
North – iron and whaling; South – rice and tobacco
4. When compared with the South, New England during the colonial period developed much less of a
gap between the rich and the poor. Why?
a.
The plantation economy ensured that all whites had some wealth
b. New England was settled by more middle-class individuals and families involved in self-sufficient
farming and small businesses
c.
New England was all lower class. Therefore, a gap between rich and poor did not exist -everyone
was poor
d.
A combination of free labor, indentured servitude, and slavery made incomes very similar
5. Alexander Hamilton believed that the best way for the young United States government to prove
itself on the world stage was by
a.
Adopting an agricultural-based economy where farmers would control daily economic activities
b. Assuming the debts of all states, thus creating a one large national debt to be paid off by the
federal government
c.
Maintaining a standing army larger than the Revolutionary under Washington
d. Allowing each state to not pay off its debt by basically allowing that state to file for bankruptcy,
thus wiping its financial slate clean
6. Thomas Jefferson disagreed with Alexander Hamilton’s financial assessment and goals for the
United States. Why was Jefferson afraid of Hamilton’s plan?
a. Jefferson feared that farmers would become indebted to bankers in the Northeast who were
favored by the national government
b.
He did support Hamilton’s plan of an agricultural-based economy
c.
Jefferson supported the British model of economics
d.
He thought states would become too powerful under Hamilton’s plan
7.
What was Hamilton’s constitutional argument for the national bank?
a.
States were given the authority to print their own money to pay off their debt
b.
The president has the power to command the economy as chief economic advisor for the country
c.
Since the President didn’t have the power to raise taxes, he should be allowed to regulate money
some other way
d. The “necessary and proper” clause gave Congress broad powers to carry out its expressed
powers
8. During the Market Revolution of the early-to-mid 1800s, people began to move toward producing
____________
a.
items made solely in the home
b.
finished goods
c.
agricultural produce
d.
local crafts
9.
Which best describes a worker at one of the Lowell Mill textile factories of the 1830s?
a.
Indentured servants in the last few years of their contracts
b.
Black slaves loaned to Northern factories
c.
Young men and women who were pulled off of the city streets
d.
Young girls who often times came from rural backgrounds
10. What was the most common way in which individuals avoided working for a wage in one of the new
factories of the mid-1800s?
a.
Joining the new growing military which was expanding after the Civil War
b.
Moving down South to fill the new jobs brought about due to the end of slavery
c.
Pack up and move West to the new expanding frontier
d.
It was unavoidable. The factory was the only available job.
11. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the impact of agricultural inventions during
the Industrial Revolution?
a. Fewer people moved out West.
b. As food production increased, so did the population.
c. Westward expansion led to sectional conflict over slavery.
d. Less labor was required due to mechanization.
12. Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Industrial Revolution?
a. Rural growth
b. The beginnings of a global economy
c. More efficient and faster communication
d. New sources of recreation and convenience
e. All of the above are effects of the Industrial Revolution.
13. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the factory system expanded quickly in the Northeast?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Plentiful water sources fueled early factories
The Transcontinental Railroad
A plentiful labor supply
Poor agricultural conditions
14. Which of the following was NOT an effect of the invention of the cotton gin?
a. The South wanted to expand West.
b. The need for slaves decreased.
c. The demand for slaves increased.
d. Cotton production increased dramatically.
15. During the early-to-mid 1800s, many new inventions helped change America. How did the following
two contribute to that change? Sewing machine and safety pin
a.
Improved communication
b.
New sources of heat/energy
c.
Greater convenience
d.
New forms of recreation/entertainment
16. How did the steamboat help create economic changes in 1800s America?
a.
Textiles from the South could be more readily sold in the West
b.
Cotton from the South could more easily and more swiftly make it to Europe
c.
Grain from the West could get to markets in the East and South quicker
d.
Steamboats replaced railroads as the number one transporter of iron ore
17. Which best describes how the John Deere plow created political changes in America?
a.
Republicans in the South secured a patent for the plow to be used on all plantations
b. With an increase in farming efficiency, the West was more readily opened to new settlement,
and thus political development, including statehood
c.
The plow increased farm production in the North and therefore the North used that as an
argument to end slavery in the South
d. Due to the individualist spirit of western settlers, they refused to use the new plow, thus keeping
territories from becoming states
18. Concerning sectional conflicts of the 1800s, why did the South not support a protective tariff?
a. Tariffs could possible hurt the South because they might cause other countries to put tariffs on
what the South exported
b.
Tariffs would only help the western farmers and hurt plantation owners
c.
The Northeast might decide to purchase all of its cotton from overseas
d.
A tariff could limit access southerners had with the grain they needed from the West
19. Which of the following was NOT a political and economic goal of the North?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cheap Western lands
Internal improvements funded by the federal government
Protective tariffs
All of the above were goals of the North
20.Which of the following is NOT a way in which the Civil War helped encourage the Industrial
Revolution?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Expansion of the railroads
Expansion of the telegraph
Expansion of the manufacturing system
Abolition of slavery
21.Which of the following is the CORRECT association of entrepreneur and industry?
a.Carnegie--Standard Oil
c. Morgan--Central Pacific Railroad Co
e. Carnegie--Central Pacific Railroad Co
b. Rockefeller--US Steel
d. Rockefeller--Standard Oil
22.Which of the following statements explains, in part, why there was a growing middle class in the 19th
century?
a. Transportation was affordable
b. Land was not the only indicator of wealth
c. Slavery was abolished
d. Increases in immigration of Europeans
23.Sectionalism is demonstrated in which of the following statements?
a.
The North's desire to restrict the growth of slavery
b. Jefferson's belief that agriculture was the key to America's prosperity
c. The West's desire for government funded railroads
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
24.Which of the following is NOT an effect of the Transcontinental Railroad?
a. The East and West were connected economically
b. Transportation was more affordable
c. Corporations began to grow, based on the railroad companies' example
d. Urbanization in the Northeast
25. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate in describing population changes in America in
the 19th century?
a. America was becoming more diverse due to an increase in immigration.
b. Due to newly established western territories and transportation developments, people moved
West.
c. A population increase in the South as people moved to work on thriving plantations.
d. A growing economic gap between the upper and lower classes, particularly in urban areas.
Short Answer: Choose 5 of the following 8 questions to answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES.
1. The mixed economy the United States has today combines both elements of a command
economy and a pure market economy. Provide two examples of command economy elements
in America's economy. Then provide one element of a pure market economic activity.
2. Did the factory system INCREASE or DECREASE the freedom that Americans in the East
experienced? Explain why.
3. Explain how industrialization led to an increase in immigration and urbanization.
4. Explain 2 characteristics that the "Captains of Industry" had in common.
5. Explain 2 ways that the government helped develop America's economy in the 19th century.
6. How does employment for the vast majority of Americans change by the 1890's?
7. How did Hamilton and Jefferson's debate over the national bank impact our nation's capital?
8. Describe the work experience of a worker on the Central Pacific Railroad. Be specific.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Describe the work environment of a worker on the Union Pacific Railroad. Be specific.
Who were the "unsung heroes" of the Industrial Revolution? Explain what that means.
What does the term "necessary evil" mean when referring to slavery?
Explain the term "Social Darwinism."
How does the growth of the American economy in the 1800's reflect the values in the American
Character and Belief System that we discussed in Unit 1?
6. Explain how industrialization led to an increase in immigration and urbanization.
7. Explain 2 characteristics that the "Captains of Industry" had in common.
8. Explain 2 ways that the government helped develop America's economy in the 19th century.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Describe the work environment of a worker on the Union Pacific Railroad. Be specific.
Who were the "unsung heroes" of the Industrial Revolution? Explain what that means.
What does the term "necessary evil" mean when referring to slavery?
Explain the term "Social Darwinism."
How does the growth of the American economy in the 1800's reflect the values in the American
Character and Belief System that we discussed in Unit 1?
6. Explain how industrialization led to an increase in immigration and urbanization.
7. Explain 2 characteristics that the "Captains of Industry" had in common.
8. Explain 2 ways that the government helped develop America's economy in the 19th century.