Download Unit 10 Simple Life Forms Chp 18: Viruses Module #3

UNIT 10 SIMPLE LIFE FORMS
CHAPTER 18: VIRUSES
MODULE #3
Below is a diagram comparing the size of a virus to other various biological structures.
1.What does the term “virus” mean in Latin?
2. In what year was the first virus discovered and what virus
was it?
3. What are “viruses”?
4. Why are viruses not considered “living things”
(organisms)?
Below is a set of diagrams showing the structure of various viruses.
5. What do all viruses have in common?
6. What type of nucleic acid makes up viral
genomes?
7. What is the name given to the protein
coat?
8. What is the function of this protein
coat?
9. What does the flu virus have on its
external surface that the other viruses, in
the pictures to the left, don’t possess?
Below is a diagram representing the “lock-and-key” relationship viruses share with their host cells.
10. What is meant by “host cell”?
11. Viruses are said to be “species specific”.
With relation to this diagram, what does this
term mean?
12. What name is given to a virus that infects a
bacterial cell?
Below is a diagram representing the two different viral infection (reproduction) cycles.
13. What type of virus is represented in this diagram?
14. What are the names given to the two different infection cycles?
15. What is the first step involved in viral infection (nondependent on cycle type)?
16. In the lytic cycle, once the viral DNA is inside the host cell, what two processes take place?
17. Why is this cycle called “lytic”?
18. What is different about the “lysogenic cycle”?
19. What name is given to the viral DNA embedded in the host’s DNA?
20. Can a virus stay in the prophage form indefinitely?
21. What happens at the conclusion of the lysogenic cycle?
22. Which cycle does the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) possess?
Below is a diagram of a “retrovirus”.
23. What virus is this representing?
24. What nucleic acid makes up the retrovirus genome?
25. Why are they called “retroviruses”?
26. What enzyme allows them to be “retro”?
27. What is the purpose of the “retro” transcription (hint:
think which infection cycle)?
Below is a picture of a man sneezing, showing the expelling of particles during this process.
28. Why must a virus infect a living cell?
29. Why are all viruses called “parasites”?
30. Why is it said that “viruses are at the borderline of
living and nonliving things”?
31. Is it likely that viruses were the predecessors to living
things? Why or why not?
32. What is a “pathogen”?
33. Are the majority of bacteria “pathogenic”?
34. When does “disease” result within a host?
35. What scientist was the first to show convincing
evidence that bacteria cause disease?
36. What did this scientist, and others, name this
theory?
Below is an overview of bacterial infections.
37. What are the two general
ways in which bacteria
produce disease?
38. How does the bacteria M.
tuberculosis cause disease?
39. How does the
Streptococcus bacterium
cause “strep throat”?
40. How does C. diphtheria
cause disease?
41. Would the bacteria in the
questions above be
considered autotrophs or
heterotrophs? What prefix
would you put with your
selection?
42. What is a “vaccine”?
43. Do vaccines work on both bacteria and
viruses?
44. What body system does a vaccine kick
into overdrive?
45. What are “antibiotics”?
46. Do antibiotics work on viruses?
47. What shape is Bacillus anthracis?
48. Is anthrax specific to only humans?
49. How does anthrax persist in the environment for
years and even centuries?
50. What are the three common methods used to control bacterial
growth?
51. Why are scientists concerned with the overuse of antibacterial
compounds?
52. What is the purpose of refrigerating food?
53. What is the purpose of cooking food?
54. What is the use of “preservatives” in canned food (like salt)?
Below is a diagram of common viral infections.
55. How do viruses produce
disease?
56. Are these viruses
heterotrophs, autotrophs, or
neither?
57. What is the evidence of a
papillomavirus infection?
58. What is the best way to
protect against viral infection?
59. What can be done after a viral
infection has occurred?
Below is a list of several “oncogenic viruses”.
60. What do oncogenic viruses
cause?
61. What is “HPV”?
62. What type of cancer can this virus
cause?
Below is a picture of a “tobacco mosaic” viral infection.
63. Why do plant viruses have a hard time entering the host
cell?
64. How do they accomplish entry of the host cell?
65. What is the vector of plant viruses (what spreads them)?
66. What is the difference
between a virus and a viroid?
67. What is the difference
between a virus and a prion?
68. What disease, that has
made headline news, is caused
by prions?