Download Unit 1- Computers and Operating Systems

COMPUTERS &
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Unit 1
Objectives
■ Describe the importance of computers in daily life
■ Explain the difference between system software and
application software
■ Describe the four major types of operating systems
■ Identify the tasks an operating system performs
■ Start a computer
■ Use an operating system and start an application
■ Lock and shut down a computer
The Importance of Computers
■ Computers are everywhere
■ What parts of your daily life use computers?
Activity- Computer History Timeline
■ In groups of 2, make a computer history timeline of
events
■ Use the online timeline maker
■ Mark at least 10 significant events
– Use your own words to describe
– Include a picture
– 70’s, 80’s, 90’s, 2000’s, 2010’s
Brief Computer History I
■ 1821 Charles Babbage “Father of Computing”
– Steam-powered calculator
■ 40’s ENIAC
– Size of a city block
– Used for military
– Less powerful than our phones
■ 76-77 Apple I & II Computer
– Jobs & Wozniak
– 1st user-friendly PC
Brief Computer History II
■ 1981 IBM PC released
– Bill Gates worked for IBM
– Used DOS
– $3500
■ 80’s Clones
– IBM sold design to companies
– Clones/compatibles released
Review- 3Q
■ Who created the first user-friendly computer?
– Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak
■ What term describes a computer design made available
to other manufacturers?
– Compatible or clone
■ What company was responsible for allowing compatible
computers to happen?
– IBM
What is a Computer?
■ Receives data (INPUT),
processes data, stores data,
produces a result (OUTPUT)
■ Computer includes:
– Hardware
– Software
– Peripherals
Information Processing Cycle
Types of Software
■ Software provides way to
interact with hardware through
an interface
■ GUI- Graphical User Interface
– Icons
– Windows & Mac OS
■ CLI- Command Line Interface
– Type text commands
– DOS
System and Application Software
■ System Software
– Runs & manages the computer
– Runs other software
– OS & Utility programs
■ Application Software
– Used to complete a task or create something
Comparing Software
Operating System
Purpose
Role in a
computer
system
Typical Tasks
Examples
Application Software
PC Operating Systems
■ Single user
■ Multitasking
■ Windows, Mac OS, Linux
– Windows runs on most
worldwide
– Windows & Mac are
proprietary
■ Can’t change OS code
– Linux is free & opensource
Mobile Operating Systems
■ Smartphone or Tablet
■ Simpler & smaller than
PC OS
■ iOS, Android, Windows
Embedded Operating Systems
■ Runs on ATMs, GPS, Media Players, Video Recorders
■ Included in hardware
■ Performs a specific task
■ You don’t interact with it
– You just provide input
– Embedded OS provides output
Network Operating System (NOS)
■ Runs on a server
■ Manages a network & provides services
– Email, file storage, printing, etc.
– Server provides a network service to clients
– Clients run their own OS (Windows, Mac OS)
■ Controls access & maintains security
■ Windows Server, Mac OS Server, UNIX, Linux
Review- Q
Start-up Steps
■ BIOS performs POST
– Checks CPU, RAM, Video
■ BIOS passes boot instructions to RAM
■ OS located on HD, loaded into RAM
– C: Drive
■ Login
Check Hardware
ROM passes boot
instructions to RAM
Find OS on the
Hard Drive
Run OS & load into
RAM
Controlling Hardware
■ Driver
– Software enables OS to
interact with device
■ Usually driver is found
automatically
– This is called Plug and Play
– If not, install with provided
software
Ending a Computer Session
Option
Description
SHUT DOWN
Completely turns off PC
RESTART
Closes apps & resets OS
SIGN OUT
Closes apps, OS still running, allows someone else to log in
SWITCH USERS
Apps & OS still running, another user can log in; they can’t access
your apps or date
LOCK
Apps & OS still running; locked until you sign back in
SLEEP / HIBERNATE
Apps & OS still running but in a low-power state
Activity- Choose One
1
Group of 3
Evaluate Operating Systems
Create a checklist of Price,
Ease of Use, Application
Software Availability, Security,
and Built-in Tools
Make a Table of Results
2
Individual
Record Activities
How often do you interact with an OS and
how much do you use Application
Software?
Keep a log of 5 days worth
Record device, what you are doing, how
long, whether you are using OS or
Application
Estimate percentage of time using each
with a pie chart
3
Individual
Which method should you
choose to end a computer
session?
Indicate method and explain
why for each situation
COMPUTERS &
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Unit 1