Download University of LeicesterPLUMERef: PLM-MAN-Budget-504

University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
Financial Budget
D.S.W. Gray; T.J.Trent; L.L. Evans; G.P.Cornhill; R.L.Wrigley; D.Brandt; O.Littlejohns
Date
Updated Reference Number
change
25/04/2007
30/01/2008
12/03/2008
PLM-MAN-Budget-504-1
PLM-MAN-Budget-504-2
PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
first version issued
second version issued
third version issued
This document contains the draft budget for the University of Leicester Space Research
Centre CubeSat project, PLUME (Picosatellite of Leicester University Micrometeoroid
Experiment). All subsystems are listed, their individual components costed and an overall
estimated hardware cost is given in the executive summary at the end of the document.
The primary payload of PLUME will be a nanometeoroid detector, with a secondary payload
of an optical camera. Information on the camera subsystem is included in this document, but
further research is required for a more detailed primary payload budget.
1. Mechanical Bus and Flight Module (MECH and OBDH):
It is possible to obtain a cubesat kit from Pumpkin Incorporated [1].
A complete CubeSat Kit contains:
● A complete CubeSat mechanical structure (Flight Model), consisting of a Chassis Wall
Assembly (in ½U, 1U, 1½U, 2U or 3U size), a Base Plate Assembly and a Cover Plate
Assembly. Each kit contains either solid-wall or skeletonised versions of these
assemblies.
● A CubeSat Kit Development Board for in-lab development, debugging and testing.
● A CubeSat Kit FM430 Flight Module for use in the CubeSat Kit Flight Model.
● An external universal +5Vdc switching power supply 3.
● An MSP430 Flash Emulation Tool and FM430 programming adapter.
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PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
● A USB cable.
● CubeSat Kit and Salvo RTOS software on CD-ROM 5.
● A Remove-Before-Flight Pin and lanyard.
● Miscellaneous fasteners / mounting hardware.
● A printed User Manual and other documentation.
Price based on cubesat kit- skeletonised, 1U will be $ 6000 (current conversion £2992)
According to [2] it is possible to use passive cooling to keep satellite within -40˚C to +85˚C
range. Cubesat kit [3] specifies instrument rage is -40˚C to +85˚C except SD/MMC mass
storage cards which are typically specified over -20˚C to + 65˚C.It is assumed that all
required thermal control can be achieved through passive methods at negligible extra cost.
It is currently assumed that the computer delivered with the CubeSat kit will be sufficient for
all OBDH purposes.
According to [2] radiation hardened electronics parts are difficult to find so code correction
and outer protection were used as radiation protection.
Component:
CubeSat kit
Supplier:
Price:
Pumpkin
Technologies
£2992
Table 1: Components, supplier and price for Mechanical Bus (MECH)
2. Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS):
PLUME. plans to use magnetoresistors in order to determine satellite attitude from Earth’s
magnetic field. The magnetoresistor circuit has been designed and will be built in-house by
the Space Research Centre (SRC).
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University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
The cost of the ADCS system can be divided into three main sections, components to be
purchased from Honeywell, at a total cost of £100, other components to be purchased (at a
price of approximately £20) and the construction of the board. This final expenditure is
currently unknown, but budgeted so that the maximum ADCS cost is £300.
Component:
Supplier:
Price:
SRC
~£300
Attitude determination
board; made in-house
Table 2: Components, supplier and price for all alternatives of ADCS.
3. Power supply Unit (PSU):
The power subsystem will consist of:



Solar Cells
Battery
Control Electronics
Clyde Space produce a space qualified professional power control electronics system for
Cubesats [4]:








6 independent solar array Peak Power trackers, each capable of handling up to 2.5W
of array power.
5W regulated 5V bus.
5W regulated 3.3V bus.
1Ah, 8.4V lithium ion battery.
I2C data interface.
Compatibility with the Cubesat kit bus standard.
PC104 card size.
Full autonomous operation.
It is intended that the PSU is designed by the subsystem team, and manufactured using
COTS in house for a reduced price.
Mass~ 100g
Cost ~ £1200 [4]
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University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
Solar Arrays
The high efficiency GaAs arrays produced by EMCore and provided by Clyde Space are
beyond our financial reach at ~£10k per 100mm x 100mm array [4].
A more recent quote has been received from Clyde Space for a total package of solar arrays
(based on three panels) of £4,200. If the satellite was to have six panels, the total package
price would be approximately £6,000. It is likely, at this point that six solar panels will be
used, one covering each side of PLUME with side space shared with the payload, camera
and antenna.
Battery:
Lithium Polymer
Specs according to [4] for 2 cells in series:
1.2 A/hour each
10 W hours
Includes: temperature sensor, current monitor, voltage monitor, under voltage/over voltage
protection.
Mass- no more than 60g (Clyde Space still currently working on batteries)
2 Batteries can fit into a 1U Cubesat
Cost £400 (per battery) [4].
Component:
Supplier:
Price:
Solar Arrays
Clyde
Space
£6000
Li-polymer
Battery
Clyde
Space
£800
Control
Electronics
Clyde
Space
£1200/£200
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University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
Table 3: Components, supplier and price for PSU.
4. Communication system (COMS):
The communications subsystem will have the task of communicating house keeping data
and payload data with the ground station.
Onboard PLUME the subsystem will consist of a modem, transceiver (TX) and antenna.
The CubeSat kit described in section 1 is compatible with a modem/transmitter system
provided by Microhard Systems (www.microhardcorp.com) [3]. A quote has been obtained
from Microhard for a 2.4GHz Transceiver development platform [6] containing:
2 MHX2400 wireless radio modems
2 MHX2400 development boards
2 MCX antenna cables
2 RS232 serial cables
2 2.4GHz antennas
For a total price of CAN$1.730 (~£ 850.00)
Component:
Supplier:
Price:
Modem
Microhard
Systems
£850.00
Transceiver
Microhard
Systems
Included in
above
Antenna
Microhard
Systems
Included in
above
Table 4: Components, supplier and price for COMS
5. Camera system (CAM):
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University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
A camera subsystem was included in the payload to provide the PLUME satellite with
suitable outreach material. This material was felt to be both a good method to advertise the
project and to help with educational links for the University of Leicester.
The subsystem currently consists of four hardware components, these being the optical
camera, a D.C. to D.C. voltage converter, a filter and the housing.
The camera chosen has been sourced from Quasar Electronic. This C-CAM8 is a CMOS
detector sensitive to optical radiation. It runs on a 5V bus voltage, has packaged dimensions
of 26mm x 26mm x 28mm and gives a PAL output. This output would have to be converted
into a type compatible with the satellite OBDH.
The camera is sensitive to Infrared radiation, and so the images produced may be subject to
reddening as the camera detects photons of Infrared frequencies. To avoid this, an Infrared
filter can be fitted to the camera to cut out photons past the red end of the visible light
spectrum. These again are readily available from sources such as Edmund Optics [8] and
Jessops [9]. Such a filter must not be plastic. These are available at a cost of between £25£30. It is possible that the C-CAM8 is fitted with an Infrared filter.
Finally, to reduce size and to ensure that the final subsystem is space qualified, the CMOS is
to be repackaged. This will allow for any reconditioning of the board material, and to replace
the plastic casing with an Aluminium frame. Such work would be done in-house.
The camera comes with a lens optic. Providing this is glass, its mounting can be reproduced
in house of a space-worthy material such as Aluminium. If this lens is plastic then a Harsh
Environment Lens will have to be purchased and used in its place. These are available from
Edmund Optics, but at a price of £64.35 are considered an expensive option [10]. Should it
be required, a selection of achromatic doublet lenses are available from the same source
[11], and can be used to make the same system in-house. This is the most complicated
option, but a more cost-effective one.
Component:
Supplier:
Price:
Maplin
£49.95
D.C. to D.C. Converter
V-infinity
Unknown
Infrared Cut-off Filter
Edmund
Optics
£25-£30
Optical Camera
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University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
Harsh Environment
Lenses
Edmund
Optics
Achromatic Lenses
Edmund
Optics
Repackaging
£64.35
£30-£40
negligible
SRC
Table 5: Components, supplier and price for all alternatives of camera (CAM)
Total subsystem mass is approximated to be between 50g and 75g.
6. Payload (PAY):
The primary payload for the satellite will be a nanometeoroid detector. This will consist of a
thin film covered microchannel plate (MCP) with a high voltage power supply which will
produce an electron cascade. The charge will be read out via an electronics chain consisting
of a charge sensitive preamp, a shaping amp, and a filter to reject background events.
MCP’s have been sourced from Photonis.
SRC will provide engineering time
At this point the major uncertainty regarding payload development is the cost of the high
voltage(~600V DC) power supply required to create the electron cascade in the MCPs.
The detector will need to be calibrated with a test campaign in Heidelberg (see section 8)
7. Launch cost:
Customs, travel and transportation to the launch site are not included.
Current launch cost including launch insurance [12]:
$40,000
Exchange rates listed below,
£19,947.70
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University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
€26048.10
Possible launch providers are:

Energia. Dnepr R-36M (SS-18) converted ballistic missile. 500-600km circular sun
synchronous orbit.
Sea-launch converted Zenit launcher or a Soyuz freget vehicle.


SpaceX. Falcon 1 developed launch vehicle.
esa. Vega second flight. 330km circular orbit. 71 degree inclination.
The first two launches of this are planned to have payloads of Cubesats in an effort to
encourage educational links within esa. The second launch of the new Vega launcher would
be with no cost, and so would significantly reduce the expenditure of the project. The
success of the Vega application is unknown.
8. Testing and Development:
The PLUME project is well situated to take advantage of the facilities of the Space Research
Centre at the University of Leicester. However some of the testing, such as use of vibration
tables will not be possible at the SRC. In an effort to include the cost of such testing and
development of all subsystems (Heidelberg Dust Accelerator campaign not included), a sum
of £5,000 has been assigned to cover the whole project.
9. Summary
The following table contains a summary of all the estimated subsystem costs, and a
research and development quota. Currency conversion has been included though import tax
and shipping has not been specifically covered. A 30% contingency is given.
Subsystem
Cost
MECH/OBDH
£2992
ADCS
£300
PSU
£7000
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University of Leicester
PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
COMS
£850
CAM
£184
PAY
£3,400
Launch
£20,000
Testing and
development
£5,000 (excluding Heidelberg)
Contingency
(30%)
£13,242
TOTAL COST
£52,968
Table 6: Summary of budget for all available subsystems and a contingency fund
7. References
[1]Pumpkin price list http://www.pumpkininc.com/content/doc/forms/pricelist.pdf
[2] Aalborg university cubsesat report
http://www.cubesat.auc.dk/dokumenter/OBC_design.pdf
[3]cubesat kit website http://www.cubesatkit.com/content/faq.html
[4] www.clyde-space.com/
[5] http://downloads.solarbotics.com/PDF/sunceramcat.pdf
[6] Quote obtained from Microhard systems, December 2006
[7]
http://www.maplin.co.uk/Module.aspx?ModuleNo=26292&C=Maplin&U=SearchTop&T=cmos
%20camera&doy=7m1
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PLUME
Ref: PLM-MAN-Budget-504-3
Date: 12/03/2008
[8] Edmund Optics I.R. filters
http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/displayproduct.cfm?productID=1328&search=1
[9] Jessops I.R. filters
http://www.jessops.com/Products/SearchResults.aspx?searchword=Infrared%20filters
[10] Edmund Optics H.E.O. lenses
http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/displayproduct.cfm?productID=2756&search=1
[11] Edmund Optics Achromatic doublet lenses
http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/displayproduct.cfm?productID=1749&search=1
[12] http://cubesat.calpoly.edu/
Currency conversions:
References - http://www.xe.com/
- http://finance.yahoo.com/currency?u
(11-03-08
07:05)
(11-03-08
07:15)
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