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Welcome to ES150:
Structural Geology
January 4, 2005
First Day Stuff
• Course Objectives
• Go over Syllabus
• Lab Schedule
• Course Calendar
• Waiver
• What is Structure About?
• Any questions about tsunamis?
• And on to…
Quick overview of the state of California
What is Structural Geology?
• Study of Forces and Stress that affect
and modify the solid earth
• Rock deformation resulting from that
stress (= strain)
– Plate scale tectonics (geologic history)
– Regional scale activity (terranes)
– Outcrop scale
– Microscale (minerals and fine rock fabrics)
What Structure Does
• Stresses are due to tectonic plate
motions
• Structures in Rocks preserve
information about past stresses
• Structural geologists correlate back
across time and different scales to
reconstruct paleo-tectonics
Economic Reasons to do this
• Metallic Ore Deposits often reside in ancient
continents collision zones and in fault
breccias
• Hydrocarbon resources travel along faults
and collect in the tops of folds
• Faults create hazards
• Rock failure studies are important to
infrastructure
• Geothermal heat in extensional faults can be
used to produce energy (with help from Ty).
Academic Reasons to Do this
• Understand Earth History - How have
the continents moved in the past?
• Understand Earth Processes - How do
mountain ranges form?
• Exciting field work opportunities!
Microscale
Measured Rotation
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncomp resse d) de com press or
are nee ded to s ee this picture.
2mm
Outcrop
Scale
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Measured Local Pressure
Local Stresses Over Large Area
Regional Scale
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Plate - Scale
Alleghanian Orogeny builds Appalachians
When North America hits Gondwanaland
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Giant Quake and Tsunami
12/26/04
http://www.ineter.gob.ni/geofisica/t
sunami/com/20041226indonesia/rupture.htm
Quake Location - First Rupture
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Moment (=energy) distribution
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
On
To
California
…
A quick
overview of
what
structural
studies
have
revealed…
TECTONIC
REGIONS OF
CALIFORNIA
KLAMATH
MTS
MODOC PLATEAU
SIERRA NEVADA
MICROPLATE
GREAT VALLEY
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
COAST
RANGES
TRANSVERSE
RANGES
BASIN &
RANGE
MOHAVE
DESERT
JUAN DE
FUCA
TRENCH
ACTIVE FAULTING
IN CALIFORNIA
SIERRA FRONT /
BASIN & RANGE
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
GARLOCK
FAULT
Pre-CAMBRIAN
(4.5Ba-570Ma)
ROCKS OF
CALIFORNIA
Pre-Cambrian California
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Warm, tropical, carbonate reef
Like this photo only no people and no coral yet
PALEOZOIC (570235Ma) ROCKS OF
CALIFORNIA
Paleozoic California
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Micro-continent 50-car pile-up
Imagine terranes accreting west-to-east in CA
MESOZOIC (23565Ma) IGNEOUS
ROCKS OF
CALIFORNIA
MESOZOIC (23565Ma) DEEP
MARINE SEDIMENT
MESOZOIC
(235-65Ma)
SHALLOW
MARINE
MESOZOIC CALIFORNIA
Central Valley
QuickTime™ and a
Video decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Coast Ranges
Pre-Sierras
CENOZOIC (65MaNOW) IGNEOUS
ROCKS OF
CALIFORNIA
CENOZOIC
SEDIMENT
CENOZOIC SED.
CENOZOIC IG.
MESOZOIC SED.
MESOZOIC IG.
PALEOZOIC
Pre-CAMBRIAN
JUAN DE
FUCA
TRENCH
SIERRA FRONT /
BASIN & RANGE
GARLOCK
FAULT
QuickTime™ and a
Animation decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
80 Million
Yrs to
Today
QuickTime™ and a
Video decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.