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Nutrition of Livestock Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor. These animals are different than dogs and cats. Their digestive system works differently and their nutritional needs are specific. Forages: • Also know as roughages, consist of grasses, grains. • Provide plant based protein, carbs, minerals and vitamins, high in fiber. • Obtained by grazing Concentrates: • • • • • High energy, not needed unless roughage is poor quality Includes grains, corn, oats, wheat, rice. Contains 50% to 100% more energy Easily digestible Given to growing and lactating animals or animals that have a higher energy requirement Supplements: • Given when additional nutrients are needed. Many grazing areas are deficient in vitamins or minerals. Calcium and Phosphorus can be added to a salt lick and provided free choice. Water is the most important nutrient. Must make sure that clean fresh water is available at all times. Lactation animals have an increase in water needs. Proper nutrition helps to prevent disease. The immune system requires proper nutrition to function properly. High energy/high protein feeds should be fed to young, growing animals. These feeds should also be fed to breeding animals. Cold weather causes the body to use more energy. High energy supplements may be needed. Roughage is very important in the equine diet to prevent GI disturbances such as colic and non GI disorders such as founder (laminitis). What determines the type and amount of the diet to be fed? • • • • Age Gestation Lactation Activity level.