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Ecology The study of interactions between organisms and the environment (biotic and abiotic factors) Ecology What is the link between evolution and ecology? Ecology ?? Evolution Ecology ?? Evolution Interaction between organisms and environment Ecology ?? Evolution Interaction between organisms and environment Environment selects for fittest traits Ecology ?? Evolution Interaction between organisms and environment Environment selects for fittest traits Ecology Evolution Interaction between organisms and environment Environment selects for fittest traits Areas of Ecology • Organismal Ecology: studies impact of environment on organisms’ structure, physiology and behavior – How does a hammerhead select a mate? Areas of Ecology • Population Ecology: studies how environment affects population size and why it changes over time – What factors affect the reproductive rates of giant pandas? Areas of Ecology • Community Ecology: studies interactions between different species in area – What factors influence the diversity of the rainforest? Areas of Ecology • Ecosystem Ecology: studies energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and environment – What factors affect photosynthesis in a grassland? Areas of Ecology • Landscape Ecology: studies exchange of energy, materials and organisms between ecosystems – How to the trees lining a riverbank contribute to animal dispersal? Areas of Ecology • Global Ecology: studies how regional exchange of material influences distribution of organisms globally – How does ocean circulation affect the global distribution of crustaceans? Biomes • Life on Earth is distributed into Biomes • Biomes are determined by particular combinations of biotic and abiotic factors • Broken into two categories • Terrestrial vs Aquatic Terrestrial Biomes • Largely influenced by climate patterns • Climate: long-term, prevailing weather conditions • • • • Temperature Precipitation Sunlight Wind How Region Affects Climate • Seasonality: does a region have strong seasons? • Bodies of water can influence precipitation • Mountains can influence air flow over land • In turn influences precipitation • Mountains influence amount of sunlight reaching an area • In turn influences temperature Aquatic Biomes • Very diverse and cover most of the planet • Less variation due to climate • Variation is due to depth and amount to sun available • Temperature • Variation due to horizontal zones • Soil components from terrestrial biomes How Species are Distributed in Biomes • Interactions between organisms and the environment limit species distribution • Biotic – biotic interactions • Biotic – abiotic interactions • • • • • Temp Water and O2 Salinity Sunlight Composition of Rock and Soil (pH, mineral comp, physical structure of rock)
