Download Sports Medicine

Sports Medicine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ssUDWa-rsc
(5:56)
What is Sports Medicine?
A branch of
medicine that
deals with physical
fitness and the
treatment and
prevention of
injuries related to
sports and exercise
Sports Medicine Careers
These HCW improve fitness through exercise.
Many have once been athletes or may feel a need to stay
close to athletic settings.
They work to help clients of all ages and fitness levels
achieve their potential.
Sports Medicine Careers
• Sports medicine physician
• Sports physical therapist
• Exercise physiologist
• Certified strength and conditioning specialist (CSCS)
• Certified athletic trainer
• Certified personal trainer (CPT)
• Sports medicine technician
Sports Medicine Physician
• A physician with specialized training who promotes lifelong
fitness and wellness, and encourages prevention of illness and
injury.
• They help the patient maximize function and minimize
disability and time away from sports, work, or school.
• He or she is a leader of the sports medicine team, which also
includes specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers,
physical therapists, coaches, other personnel, and, of course, the
athlete.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uB6sJlcWnE4 (1:47)
Sports Medicine Physician
• Educational Requirements:
4 year bachelor’s degree in pre-med, 4 years of medical school, 3-5
yr residency, 2 yr fellowship
• Licensure/Certification:
pass state board test & obtain state medical license
• Job Responsibilities:
specialize in the non-operative medical treatment of
musculoskeletal sports conditions such acute injuries (ankle sprains,
muscle strains, knee & shoulder injuries, and fractures),over use
injuries (tendonitis, stress fractures); also serve as Team Physicians
for local and/or National teams and clubs
Sports Physical Therapist
• After a physician diagnoses the injured athlete’s problem, they
prescribe physical therapy with a goal of using the least amount of
time to recover with the best results.
• The sports physical therapist focuses on using proper exercises to
meet this goal.
• They may also be a CPT, CSCS, or exercise physiologist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtHZ0AcwxvQ
(3:33)
Sports Physical Therapist
• Educational Requirements:
Bachelor's degree or 3 years of pre-PT courses must be taken before
the student can advance into a 3-year Doctor of Physical Therapy
(DPT) program.
• Licensure/Certification:
Pass state licensing exam
• Job Responsibilities:
Performs evaluation of injured athlete to determine what
limitations are present, sets goals, and makes a plan of exercises &
modalities to reach the goals
Exercise Physiologist
• Research the effects of exercise on the human body
• May work for a large vitamin & nutrient supplement company to
produce new products; as teachers; in the hospital’s cardiac
rehabilitation unit to monitor exercise programs of pts recovering
from MI or perform specialized testing; in corporate wellness
centers; for the government to test human responses to extreme
conditions on pilots & astronauts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gybE_nqVHUI (3:57)
Exercise Physiologist
• Educational Requirements:
4 yr Bachelor's degree (undergraduate) & 2-3 yr Master’s degree
required to work in some settings. Independent research positions also
require 2-3 yr program to obtain Ph.D.
• Licensure/Certification:
None
• Job Responsibilities:
Depends on the setting; In the health care setting of a hospital’s
cardiac rehabilitation unit they will assist with tests (stress test,
exercise electrocardiograpy, VO2 max)
Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist
• Study an athlete’s performance to help them improve in their
sport
• They look for weak points and suggest changes in their training
program
• Must know nutrition, proper exercise techniques, & A&P
• Need a strong background in kinesiology (study of movement)
• Can be employed by high schools, colleges, or professional teams
Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist
• Educational Requirements:
4 year undergraduate degree
• Licensure/Certification:
National Strength and Conditioning Association certification, CPR
• Job Responsibilities:
Physical assessment (ht, wt, HR, BP, body fat %, circumferential
measurements of arms/thighs/chest/waist/hips, flexibility); tests to determine
where the weakness in performance is (vertical jump, 40-yard dash, max
lifting ability); design a conditioning program; make sure athlete is doing
exercises correctly; ensure athlete has proper eating habits
Certified Athletic Trainer
• Assesses, evaluates, & provides treatment for acute sports injuries
that occur on the playing field
• Help injured players learn how to rehabilitate themselves
• May use cold, heat, ultrasound, taping, bracing, & padding
• Their goal is to enable the athlete to resume their sport safely
• May work in high schools, colleges, outpt sports medicine physical
therapy clinics, professional sports teams, corporate wellness
centers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls-tie_eWK0
(1:59)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fj9XT7Ie1Zg
(3:57)
Certified Athletic Trainer
• Educational Requirements:
4 year undergraduate usually in kinesiology or exercise physiology
• Licensure/Certification:
National Athletic Training Association Board of Certification, CPR
• Job Responsibilities:
Assist athletes with ergonomics for position/actions they may perform
(lifting, bending); assess injured players to determine if they are capable of
participating in game/practice without increasing risk of further injury; apply
braces, tapes, etc. to minimize risk of sprains/strains/fractures; provide rehab
& reconditioning; educate athletes on prevention of injuries; provide
immediate acute care for injuries (ice, splints, control bleeding, CPR)
Certified Personal Trainer
• CPTs set up and monitor a workout schedule & diet designed to
meet the specific goals of each client
• Help clients lose fat, gain muscle mass, tone muscle, improve CV
fitness, improve strength
• Can be employed in health clubs/fitness facilities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsBPQYLmj5I
(3:58)
Certified Personal Trainer
• Educational Requirements:
Depends on certification; ranges from no specific educational requirements
to requiring a 4 year undergraduate degree
• Licensure/Certification:
Pass a certification exam which can be given by numerous associations; CPR
• Job Responsibilities:
Take physical measurements (ht, wt, HR, BP, body fat %, circumferential
measurements of the arms/thighs/chest/waist/hips, flexibility); decide what
types of exercises would best serve the client; know proper form for each
exercise (including ROM & speed); recognizing adverse effects of an
exercise; know proper nutritional info & apply it to the client’s needs
Sports Medicine Technician
• Aid therapists & trainers with basic job tasks (place pts in
whirlpool, apply hot/cold packs)
• Monitor clients as they perform therapeutic exercises
• They cannot change, add to, or delete exercises without checking
with the therapist or ATC
• Most are high school or college students who want to pursue
careers in sports medicine
Sports Medicine Technician
• Educational Requirements:
On the job training; must be at least 14 years old
• Licensure/Certification:
None
• Job Responsibilities:
Basic clinic tasks such as filling the whirlpool, applying hot/cold
packs, changing linen, retrieve equipment for therapists, wipe down
equipment
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
• Proprioception=awareness of posture, movement, and change in the equilibrium
of the body
• Passive range of motion (PROM)=exercises performed by the HCW that moves
the joints through their available range
• Goniometer=instrument used by sports physical therapist to measure joint angles
Vocabulary
• VO2 max test=test performed by exercise physiologist to gauge
CV fitness. Similar to stress test
• Kinesiology=the study of movement of the body
• ATC=certified athletic trainer
• CPT=certified personal trainer
• CSCS=certified strength and conditioning specialist
Vocabulary
• Strength=ability to be powerful or strong in muscular ability
• Aerobic=exercise that is cardiovascular in nature; focus is fat loss
or muscle toning
• Anaerobic=exercise directed toward increasing muscle mass
• Ergonomics=process of designing work areas and devices to
accommodate human physical characteristics; “making the job fit
the worker”
Basic Physical Assessment
An organized systemic process of collecting data based
upon a health history and head-to-toe or general systems
exam
Basic Physical Assessment
The physical exam is designed to look
for anything unusual including:
• Heart rhythm & rate (heart murmur)
• Joint pain or tenderness
• Curvature of the spine
• Elevated blood pressure
• Wheezing
• Muscle imbalance
• Vision Loss
• Hearing Problems
• Problems with reflexes
In some cases, if there is a health
concern, a pt may undergo the
following procedures:
• Blood Tests
• Urinalysis
• EKG or Echocardiogram
• X-ray, MRI, CT scan or Bone Scan
• Muscle Strength Testing
Injury Assessment
Symptom: Athletes perception of his or her injury.
Sign: Objective, measurable physical finding
regarding the individuals condition.
Injury Assessment
SOAP-Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
• Subjective: gather subjective data from the athlete
(what they tell you)
• Objective: gather measurable data (body
measurements)
• Assessment: identify deficits (potential problems) and
set short- and long-term goals
• Plan: Determine the course of action to reach the goals
Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculation
A measurement of the relationship between wt and ht.
An index for measuring obesity.
The higher the person’s BMI, the greater risk of chronic
disease.
Body Mass Index
• Obtain ht & wt in metric system units
• You may need the following conversions:
12 inches=1 foot
1 inch=2.54 cm
16 ounces=1 lb
1 kg=2.2 lbs
• Formula for obtaining BMI:
BMI=kg/m2
100 cm=1m
Body Mass Index
BMI=kg/m2
• Sam weighs 185 lbs and is 5’9” tall
• What is Sam’s BMI?
28
Body Mass Index
• BMI <20=Underweight
• BMI 20-25=Normal
• BMI 25-30=Overweight
• BMI 30-40=Obese
• BMI >40=Severely obese
If Sam’s BMI was 28,
what category does he
fall in?
Body Mass Index
BMI=kg/m
2
• Now calculate your BMI…..
• What category do you fall in?
BMI
BMI
BMI
BMI
BMI
<20=Underweight
20-25=Normal
25-30=Overweight
30-40=Obese
>40=Severely obese
Body Fat Percentage
The percentage of a person’s total body weight
made up of fat
Formula: wt of body fat/total body wt=% body fat
Body Fat Percentage
• Suppose you measure a client with 23% body fat. This
client weighs 198 pounds. To determine how many
pounds of body fat the client has, you would:
x/198=23/100
Cross multiply 100x=23x198
100x=4554
x=4554/100
x=45.54 pounds of body fat
Body Fat Percentage
• Determine the appropriate number of pounds of fat on a
female client who is 180 pounds and has 21% body fat
x/180=21/100
100x=21x180
100x=3780
X=3780/100
X=37.80 pounds of body fat
Body Fat Percentage
• A healthy lifestyle includes maintaining a low % of body
fat
• Having a high % of body fat has been linked to an
increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, &
diabetes
• 3 ways to measure body fat %
1) Hydrostatic testing
2) Electrical impedance testing
3) Body fat caliper
Body Fat Percentage
1) Hydrostatic testing=weight pt first, then pt is
submersed in large tub of water, pt’s weight in water is
compared to weight out of the water. Since body fat is
less dense than water, it will cause a buoyant effect, &
therefore lower weight in water.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3gjS0wxVXY
(1:22)
Body Fat Percentage
2) Electrical Impedance Testing=passing a low electrical
current through the body and determining the
resistance to the current. The amount of resistance is
equivalent to a certain % of body fat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTcUS3qCLSU (5:37)
Body Fat Percentage
3) Body fat caliper=tool to measure the width of certain
areas where fat collects, the width will help calculate
the % of fat.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtwLbN1qEHs (4:11)
Treatment Modalities
• Treatment modalities=methods of treatment
• Ultrasound, Electrotherapy, Hydrotherapy, Cold,
Heat, Taping, Bracing, & Padding
Treatment Modalities
• Ultrasound=a deep heating treatment used to treat many
musculoskeletal conditions like sprains, strains, or tendonitis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHjQmY89ciA
(2:42)
Treatment Modalities
• Electrotherapy=uses an electrical current to cause a single
muscle or a group of muscles to contract, contracting the muscle
via electrical stimulation helps strengthen the affected muscle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HVqXRnEFZc (1:17)
Treatment Modalities
• Hydrotherapy=water therapy used to help improve
circulation, maintain clean wounds, or control
inflammation. Ex=Whirlpool
Treatment Modalities
• Cold application=causes vasoconstriction of the blood
vessels in the area which decreases the inflammation. By
decreasing inflammation, pain and swelling are
decreased
Treatment Modalities
• Heat application=eases tight muscles allowing tissues to
relax which decreases pain caused by muscle tension or
spasms. It also causes vasodilatation of the blood vessels
which increases circulation to the area
Treatment Modalities
• Taping, bracing, and padding=protects the injured area