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Fish Heath Management
Lab 3: Hematology
February 23rd. 2009
Cold Blooded Vertebrates
Pokilotherms
• Primary site of hematopoiesis is anterior fourth of
the ___________
• Spleen is an accessory area of hematopoiesis as
well as the site for blood cell destruction
• Bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes serve this
function in warm blooded vertebrates
• Various types of blood cells in head kidney:
–
–
–
Blood Cell Types
• Hemocytoblasts- Stem Cell or blast cells
–
• Erythrocytes- Red Blood Cells
– Carries Oxygen
• Leukocytes- White Blood Cells
–
–
–
Erythrocytes
• Primary Function: ____________
• Elongated elliptical cell: 13-16
m long by 7-10 wide m
• Nucleus centrally located,
elliptical in shape
• Immature erythrocytes
– less elliptical with bluish-gray
cytoplasm
Ghost Cells
• Artifact of Sampling
– Not defined
– Breakdown and
waste of cells
•
Leukocytes
• ________ System Response
• Coagulation
• Hard to differentiate
Lymphocytes
• Usually sparse in
blood cell smear
• Spherical in shape
–
• Eccentrically located
spherical nucleus
•
Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes)
• Only __________ leukocyte
present in rainbow trout
• Origin and function of
theses cells not well
understood
• Accounts for ______of total
leukocytes
• Average diameter is 9-13
m
____________ nucleus (2-5
lobes)
Thrombocytes
• Occur in various
shapes and sizes
– ___________ - 5-8 m long
– __________ – streaked
cytoplasm on one end
– ___________- streaked
cytoplasm on both ends
– ___________- dense nuclei,
little or no cytoplasm
Monocytes and Macrophages
• Monocytes-
– Large: 9-25 m
• Macrophages: tissue dwelling monocytes
– Not usually seen in blood
• Monocytes are indistinguishable from _________
once in tissue
• Cytoplasm often has _________ and a large
nucleus
Kidney Imprint
• Shows various stages of
hematopoiesis
Blood Sampling
Non-Lethal
•
•
•
Lethal
•
•
Blood Assessment
• Three things to assess:
–
• All leukocytes
–
• Hemoglobin
–
• What’s left (proteins, Ab, Ag, hormones, etc.)
• Variations in each indices can be caused by
species, sex, age, temperature, clotting, water
quality, or season
Hematocrit Readings
• Normal
– Dependent upon species
– 25-40%
• Low
– Indicates anemia, hemorrhaging, gill damage,
osmoregulation impairment
– <15%
• High
– Indicates stress, dehydration, concentrated hemoglobin
– >40%
Lab Procedure
• Take blood from caudal artery
• Use one tube for blood smear
• Seal other with CritoSeal at vacant end
• Measure % of both WBCs and RBCs
• Tissue imprints
Tissue Imprints
• Cut a small piece of
Tissue
• Using forceps, create
imprints by touching
tissue to slide in
succession
• Let air dry 1 minute
Fish 1
K
L
S
Stain Using Diff Quick
• Fix slides in Solution A (Methyl Alcohol) for 10
minutes
• Dip slides in Solution B 25 times
• Dip slides in Solution C 25 times
• Wash with DDI water
• Dry and examine the slides