Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download DNA, Proteins and Biotechnology Unit Test Study Guide AP Biology
Document related concepts
Transcript
DNA, Proteins and Biotechnology Unit Test Study Guide AP Biology Vocabulary Protein DNA RNA Double helix Amino acid Transformation Phage Purine Pyrimidine Helicase DNA polymerase III Leading and lagging strand Okazaki fragments Ligase DNA polymerase I Replication fork Telomeres Primase nucleotide Transcription Translation 5’cap Poly-A tail Splicing Introns Exons snRNA snRNP codon/anticodon tRNA/mRNA mutations point (substitution) mutation frameshift mutation (insertion and deletion) operons (3 types) promotor operator virus capsid viral envelope genome reverse transcriptase bacteriophage lytic lysogenic prophage retrovirus viroid prions plasmid transduction conjugation stem cells recombinant DNA genetic engineering biotechnology restriction enzymes microarray PCR Gel electrophoresis RFLP Cloning Gene therapy GMO People (must be able to describe each person’s contribution to science/describe their experiment) -Griffith -Avery, McCarty and MacLeod -Hershey and Chase -Chargaff -Watson and Crick -Rosalind Franklin -Meselson and Stahl Concepts (reference your notes, reading guides, handouts and your book!) -DNA composition/structure -base pairing rules -DNA replication (all steps, enzymes involved) -Models for replication (which one is correct??) -Anti-parallel strands -Leading vs. lagging strands (don’t forget Okazaki) -Editing DNA—what does it? -DNA vs. RNA -Central Dogma theory -Transcription (3 steps) -RNA processing (3 steps) -Translation (3 steps) -If a DNA sequence is ATGCCATGA, what would be the complimentary DNA strand? If transcribed to RNA, what would the strand look like? If translated to amino acids, how would the peptide strand read? (need codon chart) -Mutations—what effect do they have on proteins? -Virus structure -Compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic cycles -Compare bacterial DNA transfer processes -Transposons -Biotechnology and recombinant DNA -How are plasmids used? -Describe PCR and steps -What is gel electrophoresis? -What are stem cells? Types? -What is DNA technology used for? Sample Essay/Short Response Questions 1. A molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) has just been synthesized in the nucleus of a human cell. a) What types of modifications may occur to this RNA before it leaves the nucleus? b) Once in the cytoplasm, how is the mRNA translated to a protein? c) If the cell is a secretory cell, how is the protein from part (b) eventually targeted, packaged, and secreted to the exterior of the cell? 2. A portion of a specific DNA molecule consists of the following sequence of nucleotide triplets: TAC GAA CTT CGG TCC This DNA sequence codes for the following short polypeptide: methionine - leucine - glutamic acid - proline - arginine a) Describe the steps in the synthesis of this polypeptide. b) What would be the effect of a deletion or an addition in one of the DNA nucleotides? c) What would be the effect of a substitution in one of the nucleotides?
