Download Diseases of the Blood Vessels - Waukee Community School District

Chapter 14
Noncommunicable
Diseases
Lesson 14.1 Noncommunicable Diseases:
What You Should Know
Lesson 14.2 Diseases of the Blood Vessels
and Heart
Lesson 14.3 Cancer: Cells Out of Control
Lesson 14.4 Diabetes, Allergies, Asthma,
and Arthritis
Lesson 14.1
Noncommunicable
Diseases: What You
Should Know
Warm-Up
Noncommunicable
Diseases
What are some risk factors
related to developing heart
disease and cancer?
What are some steps you
can take to avoid or manage
these risk factors?
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Noncommunicable Disease
and Homeostasis
• Noncommunicable
diseases are those that
cannot be spread through
person-to-person contact
• When the body maintains
homeostasis, the body is
healthy
• If the body departs from
homeostasis, it will enter
a state of disease
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Risk Factors
• Lifestyle choices and
the environment are
key areas that indicate
a person’s risk factor
for certain diseases
• Scientists have
identified genes,
especially mutated
genes, that increase
the risk for developing
certain diseases
Click here for the Unit 5 video,
“‘No Big Deal,’ or Is It?”
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Disease Characteristics
• Certain characteristics are
associated with
noncommunicable diseases
• Acute diseases occur
suddenly and resolve fairly
quickly
• Chronic illnesses may not
heal for years and can
cause permanent disability
or health complications
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A cold is an example of
an acute disease.
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Disease Characteristics
• A prognosis is the
probable outcome of a
disease, including the
the duration and severity
• A relapse is a recurrence
of a disease
• A complication is a new
problem or related
disease that arises
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Think Further
Myth or Fact?
Having a disease be in remission is the same as
being cured of that disease.
MYTH
– Fact: Remission is a time without signs and
symptoms of a disease, but the disease may still be
present.
– Fact: Remission may last for weeks, years, or
indefinitely.
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Diagnosing Diseases
• A diagnosis identifies the type
of disease a person has
• A diagnosis may involve
– Physical exam
– Personal and family history
– Lab tests
• Once a diagnosis is clear,
treatment can begin
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Critical Thinking
Diagnosing Disease
Why is knowing about a person’s family history
important for diagnosing diseases?
What are some noncommunicable diseases that
members of your family have had?
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Lesson 14.2
Diseases of the Blood
Vessels and Heart
Profile of Healthy Blood Vessels
• Blood vessels are narrow tubes that transport
oxygen, blood, and nutrients throughout the body
– Arteries carry blood from the heart to the capillaries
– Capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
– Veins carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart
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Diseases of the Blood Vessels
• Arteriosclerosis causes arterial walls to thicken,
harden, and become inflexible. Atherosclerosis
describes fatty deposits in arterial walls
• These fatty deposits may block blood flow to vital
organs
Click here for the “Progression of Atherosclerosis” animation
Body Scientific International, LLC.
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Hypertension
• Blood pressure is the
force that blood exerts
against the walls of
arteries
• High blood pressure is
called hypertension
• Hypertension causes
problems in blood
vessels and organs
and sets the stage for
a heart attack or stroke
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Think Further
What are the two parts of a blood pressure
measurement called? What does each measure?
– Systolic pressure is the blood pressure that exists
when the heart muscle is contracted.
– Diastolic pressure records the blood pressure when
the heart muscle is relaxed between contractions.
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Stroke
Obesity and smoking are
lifestyle risk factors for stroke.
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• Stroke is a disease
that occurs when the
blood flow to a part of
the brain is interrupted,
injuring brain cells
• An ischemic stroke is
the most common type
• A hemorrhagic stroke
is less common
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Profile of a Healthy Heart
• The heart requires its
own continuous supply
of oxygen and nutrients
• These are delivered by
blood vessels called
coronary arteries
• These blood vessels are
branches of the largest
artery in the body, the
aorta
Body Scientific International, LLC.
Click here for the “Blood Flow
through the Heart” animation
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Diseases of the Heart
• Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary
arteries become narrow or blocked and reduce or
stop blood flow to the heart muscle
• In congestive heart failure, the heart weakens due
to strain and becomes unable to pump blood
effectively
• Disorders of heart rhythm are called arrhythmias
and can arise from abnormal communication within
the heart muscle
• Several diseases can affect the heart valves and
impact their performance
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Diagnosis and Treatment
of Heart Disease
• Several tests can be done
to help determine the
nature of a heart disease
• Stents and bypass surgery
can be used to treat
blocked arteries
• Coronary artery disease
can also be treated with
medicine
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Lesson 14.3
Cancer: Cells out of
Control
Characteristics of Cancer
• Cancer is a disease
characterized by a mass
of abnormally growing
cells that spread and
cause illness
• Benign tumors do not
invade nearby tissue
• Malignant tumors invade
the normal tissues and
can metastasize
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Risk Factors for Cancer
• Genetics is related to
cancer
• A cell with faulty protooncogenes divides much
more rapidly than
surrounding cells
• A cell with faulty tumorsuppressor genes
cannot stop cell division
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Risk Factors for Cancer
• Exposure to carcinogens
increases the risk of cancer
• Certain carcinogens cause
mutations in genes, leading to
cancer
– Asbestos
– Ultraviolet radiation
– Tobacco smoke
• Infectious microorganisms are
linked to certain cancers
– Human papillomavirus (HPV)
– Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C
virus
– HIV
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Critical Thinking
Lifestyle Choices
What are some lifestyle
choices people make
that affect their risk of
getting cancer?
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Common Cancers
• Skin cancer—caused by ultraviolet (UV) light that
damages genes and triggers cancerous changes in
skin cells
• Lung cancer—typically begins in the lungs and
spreads to other organs
• Breast cancer—risk factors include genetics, age,
and lifestyle choices
• Colon and rectal cancer—typically appears in people
50 years of age or older
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Cancer Treatment
• A combination of treatments
is often more effective than
any one treatment alone
• Possible treatments include
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Surgery
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy
Immune therapy
Radiation therapy
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Think Further
Many cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy.
What are some of the possible side effects of
chemotherapy?
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Weight loss
Hair loss
Nausea and diminished diet
Lowered resistance to infections
Bleeding
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Lesson 14.4
Diabetes, Allergies,
Asthma, and Arthritis
Diabetes
• Diabetes mellitus is a disease resulting from the
body’s inability to regulate glucose (sugar)
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus (juvenile-onset) can be
treated with insulin, strict diet management, and
regular physical activity
• Treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (adultonset) includes modifying the diet, managing
weight, and taking medications
• Related long-term problems may include vision
loss, kidney failure, and impaired nerve function
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Think Further
What are some risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
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A family history of diabetes
Advanced age
Obesity
A physically inactive lifestyle
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
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Allergies
• An allergy is an abnormal,
destructive immune response
with effects that can range
from annoying to deadly
• An allergy is triggered by
substances called allergens,
such as dust or pollen
• Some allergies are restricted
to specific organs, while other
allergies affect the entire
body
Click here for the “Allergic
Reactions” animation
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Asthma
• Asthma is a chronic
disease of the respiratory
system in which the air
passages constrict
• The environment and
heredity play a role in the
development of asthma
• Asthma cannot be cured,
but medications can
reduce the number and
severity of attacks
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Arthritis
• Arthritis means inflammation
of the joints
• Treatments include antiinflammatory medicine, pain
relievers, and mild exercise
• Osteoarthritis is caused by
the wearing down of
cartilage that normally pads
the surfaces of bones
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis is
an autoimmune disease
• It causes the body’s
immune system to
attack the joints
• It occurs in adults of all
ages and affects many
joints, the eyes, and the
heart
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Think Further
What is gout? What may cause gout?
– Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs in some aging
adults.
– Gout can be caused by diets that are rich in purines
(found in red meat, anchovies, and asparagus).
– Gout can also be triggered by consuming alcoholic
beverages.
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