Download Birth Control Methods

Thursday, May 5 “A” Day
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Think Further
VIDEO: The Ultimate Guide to
Pregnancy (49 min)
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Chapter 23
Pregnancy Prevention
Lesson 23.1 Family Planning and the Role
of Abstinence
Lesson 23.2 Condoms and Other Barrier Methods
Lesson 23.3 Hormonal Methods, IUDs, and
Emergency Contraception
Lesson 23.4 Natural Methods and Sterilization
Pregnancy Prevention
KAHOOT.IT
Lesson 23.1
Family Planning and the
Role of Abstinence
Warm-Up
What do you already
know about pregnancy
prevention?
Make a list of pregnancy
prevention methods that
you already know about.
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Family Planning
• The process of making
choices about having
children, including number
of children and number of
years between them
• More people are choosing
to remain childless or to
postpone parenthood
• Family planning allows
people to wait until they
are financially secure and
ready to have children
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Birth Control Methods
• Also called
contraception
• Each couple must choose
the method that is best
for them
• People can consult a
healthcare professional if
they have questions
• Some choose abstinence
instead of other birth
control methods
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Think Further
Myth or Fact?
Are the following statements myths or facts?
• A woman cannot become pregnant the first time she has sex.
MYTH
– Fact: If a woman has unprotected sex or uses a form of birth control that is
not 100% effective, she can become pregnant any time she has sex,
including her first time.
• A woman cannot become pregnant during her period.
MYTH
– Fact: Although it is unlikely, it is possible for a woman to become pregnant
during her period.
• Girls younger than 18 years of age cannot become pregnant.
MYTH
– Fact: Girls younger than 18 years of age can and do become pregnant.
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Teens and Risky Sexual Behavior
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Think Further
What are some reasons for teenagers to
reduce their risk of pregnancy?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Physical health risks for the mother
Physical health risks for the child
Financial burden
Disrupted education
Economic consequences
Social and emotional health risks
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Abstinence
• The decision to and
practice of not engaging
in sexual activity
• The only pregnancy
prevention method that
is 100% effective
• Prevents pregnancy as
well as STIs and
HIV/AIDS
• Allows time for other
parts of life
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Think Further
Practicing Abstinence
• Practicing abstinence is the only 100% method of
birth control.
• Read the scenarios on the lesson 23.1 handout.
• Offer strategies and advice to help these teens
maintain their commitments to abstinence.
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Abstinence Refusal Skills
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Choosing a Birth Control Method
• Factors to consider
– The ultimate goal
(pregnancy prevention,
STI and HIV/AIDS
prevention)
– Cost and availability
– Reversible versus
permanent
– Ease of use
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Barrier/Hormonal Methods Activity
• Using the resources on the tables, fill in the grid
for ‘Barrier Methods’ and ‘Hormonal Methods’ on
your handout.
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Lesson 23.2
Condoms and Other
Barrier Methods
Barrier Methods
• These methods physically block fertilization
by preventing sperm from reaching the ovum
• Some protect users from STIs and HIV/AIDS
and others do not
• No barrier method is 100% effective in
preventing STIs
• Men and women say that some barrier
methods work well for them, but find others to
be less “user friendly”
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Condoms
• Male condoms are worn
on the penis during
sexual intercourse
• Female condoms are
similar to a pouch, which
is inserted into a
woman’s vagina
• Some condoms include
http://safeshare.tv/w/VsAoHeGFtI
spermicide, a substance
Male Condom Demonstration
that inactivates sperm
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Female Condom Demonstration
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Think Further
Myth or Fact?
Condoms do not have an expiration date.
MYTH
– Fact: Condoms can become dry, brittle, and ineffective
over time. The expiration date should always be
checked, and expired condoms should be discarded.
Male condoms can be reused.
MYTH
– Fact: Condoms should never be reused. Always use a
new condom for each erection.
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Contraceptive Sponge
• A barrier method that
blocks sperm from
entering the uterus
• A plastic foam sponge
about two inches in
diameter
• Inserted into a woman’s
vagina and positioned to
cover her cervix
• Does not prevent STIs
or HIV/AIDS
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Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
• Diaphragm
– Flexible, cup-shaped disk
that covers the cervix
– Requires a doctor’s exam
and prescription
• Cervical cap
– Flexible cup that covers a
woman’s cervix
– Requires a doctor’s exam
and prescription
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Lesson 23.3
Hormonal Methods,
IUDs, and Emergency
Contraception
The Birth Control Pill
• Also known as oral
contraceptives
• Contain hormones that
reduce the likelihood of
pregnancy
• The pill prevents ovulation,
which means there is no
ovum for sperm to fertilize
• A doctor’s exam is required
to use the birth control pill
• Two types: combination pill
and progesterone-only pill
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Birth Control Patch
• A thin 2- to 3-inch plastic
patch applied to the skin
like a bandage
• Contains the hormones
estrogen and progesterone
• Prevents ovulation and
thickens cervical mucus to
slow sperm’s movement to
the uterus
• A new patch is worn each
week for 3 weeks; no patch
is worn during the 4th week
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NuvaRing
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
• Advantages:
• Disadvantages:
Requires a prescription.
Typical: 92
Perfect: 99.7
Hormones similar to those in the pill are
released from the ring and absorbed through
the vaginal wall. The hormones prevent
ovulation.
Do not have to remember a pill everyday yet
receive similar advantages to the pill.
No STI protection. May experience side
effects similar to those of the pill.
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Depo Provera
• How to Get it:
Must visit a doctor or clinic.
• % Effective:
Typical: 97
• How it Works:
3 month progestin-only injection prevents
ovulation and thickens cervical mucous
(harder for sperm to get into uterus).
• Advantages:
Highly effective. Lasts 12 weeks. Many
females stop having periods.
• Disadvantages:
No STI protection. Tends to cause more side
effects than other hormonal methods. Fertility
may not return for several months after last
injection.
Perfect: 99.7
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Implanon
• How to Get it:
Inserted and removed by a health care
provider.
• % Effective:
More than 99%
• How it Works:
Hormonal implant, inserted under the skin on
the inside of the arm, slowly releases
hormone that prevents ovulation and thickens
cervical mucous.
• Advantages:
Highly effective. Discreet. Lasts 3 years. Do
not have to remember anything.
• Disadvantages:
No STI protection. Irregular bleeding.
Insertion and removal may cause pain,
swelling, scarring.
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Critical Thinking
How do the vaginal ring, birth control shot, and birth
control implant prevent pregnancy?
All three of these birth control methods release
hormones that inhibit ovulation and thicken cervical
mucus to prevent pregnancy.
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Intrauterine Device (IUD)
• A small, T-shaped device
that contains hormones
• Inserted into the uterus
by a doctor
• Paraguard
– Thought to interfere with
sperm movement,
fertilization, and
implantation
• Mirena
– Inhibits ovulation
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Emergency Contraception
• Contraceptive method that
can be used to prevent
pregnancy if other birth
control fails or has been
used incorrectly
• Plan B
– Pill that contains female
hormones to prevent
ovulation
– Available at drugstores
with a prescription
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Lesson 23.4
Natural Methods and
Sterilization
Fertility Awareness Method
• A natural birth control
method in which couples
plan sexual intercourse
for times when a woman
is least fertile and avoid
sexual intercourse during
times of high fertility
• Different types
– Temperature method
– Cervical mucus method
– Calendar method
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The Cycle of Fertility
• The menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 40 days, with
an average of 28 days
• Generally, sexual intercourse on only 7 of those days
can result in fertilization and pregnancy
• A woman needs to determine when she ovulates
to use any of
the fertility
awareness
methods
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Critical Thinking
How can a woman use her body temperature as a way
of being aware of her fertility?
A woman’s body temperature rises slightly after ovulation
and stays higher than normal for most of the remainder of
that menstrual cycle. By determining when her body
temperature rises, a woman can determine when she
ovulates, and plan sexual intercourse accordingly.
What is the least reliable natural method of birth control?
Withdrawal; it is difficult to time correctly and requires selfcontrol. Withdrawal results in many pregnancies and does
not protect from STIs.
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Sterilization
• A surgical contraceptive
method in which a
person is rendered
permanently unable to
conceive children
• The only permanent birth
control method
• This option must be
considered carefully
because this surgery can
not always be reversed
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Tubal Ligation
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
Surgery in a hospital or clinic.
99.5
Fallopian tubes are cut and closed so
eggs cannot reach the uterus and sperm
cannot reach eggs.
• Advantages:
Permanent. Most insurance will cover
surgery.
• Disadvantages: No STI protection. Permanent- very
difficult and expensive to reverse. Low
risk of infection. Some discomfort
following procedure.
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Sterilization
Implant (Essure)
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
Surgery in a hospital or clinic.
99
Tiny spring-like device inserted into the
fallopian tubes. Works by causing scar
tissue to form around the coil. This blocks
the fallopian tubes and stops the egg and
sperm from joining.
• Advantages:
Safer than methods that require an
incision. A surgical setting is not needed.
Recovery is faster.
• Disadvantages: No STI protection. Can take 3 months for
the scar tissue to grow. Important to use
another form of birth control during this
time.
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Vasectomy
• How to Get it:
• % Effective:
• How it Works:
Surgery in a clinic.
99.85
Vas Deferens are cut and closed , so
sperm is no longer part of the ejaculate.
• Advantages:
Permanent. Most insurance will cover
surgery.
• Disadvantages: No STI protection. Permanent- very
difficult and expensive to reverse. Some
discomfort during recovery.
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Think Further
Which couples would be best suited to sterilization?
•
•
•
•
Adults who
Adults who
Adults who
Adults who
know they do not want to have children
find other birth control methods unacceptable for various reasons
have a hereditary illness they do not wish to pass on
feel they are emotionally or financially unable to start a family
Which couples should not choose sterilization?
• Adults who might want children
• Adults who are being pressured
• Adults reacting to other personal problems
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When Contraception Fails
• If contraception fails and a
woman decides to end the
pregnancy, she can get an
abortion
• An abortion is a surgical
procedure that ends a
pregnancy that has already
begun; it is not a pregnancy
prevention method
• This decision should be
made only after careful
consideration
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Pregnancy Prevention
KAHOOT.IT
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The Truth About Sex Video
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