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Michael F.
“Brownian movement” (Thomas 151) “Zigzag, irregular motion exhibited by minute particles of matter when
suspended in a fluid. Named after botanist Robert Brown who observed the movement of plant spores floating in
water in 1827.” (encyclopedia.com, 3/8/06) Thomas uses the term to describe the behavior of thoughts in the
human brain which he suggests as being chaotic and random, like the movement of plant spores that Brown
observed.
Darren G.-S.
“Elliptical” adj. (Thomas, Lewis 152) “of, or relating to, or shaped like an ellipse” (Merriam-Webster 160) Thomas
uses this term to reference the shape of the paths the particles make in the brain.
Brittany-I. B.-S.
“Aggregate”(Thomas, 152) noun: A mass or body of units or parts somewhat loosely associated with one another
(Merriam-Webster, 15). Thomas uses this term to describe a group of bonded notions that carry the same
information.
Darren G.-S.
“Gravitational” adj. (Thomas, Lewis 152) “a natural force of attraction that tends to draw bodies together and that
occurs because of the mass of the bodies”
(Merriam-Webster 216) Thomas uses this term to indicate how the particles gather together.
Cristina M.
“Motile” (Thomas, 152) “Capable of spontaneous movement.” (The Merriam-Webster Dictionary 483). Thomas
talks about the mind and the process of sorting and selecting. He mentions aggregates and how they send out
streamers and how particles are organized in aggregates and they are connected. This leads to the mind as a single
structure and being capable of directional movement.
Diana T.
“Elliptical” (Thomas, p.153). “adj. of, pertaining to, or shaped like an ellipse”. (Webster’s Dictionary and
Thesaurus, p.82) Thomas trying to get the audience to have an image or a shape to understand what he talking
about.
Kimberly B.
“Aggregate”{ Thomas, Lewis 153) adj “Formed by the collection of particulars into a whole, a sum, mass or
assemblage, to collect into one sum, mass, or body” (Webster’s Dictionary 14). The word is saying collection of
something to put in one sum. Thomas uses this word Aggregate in “On thinking about thinking” to say that we
have a lot of particles that made our brain to help us organize to think.
Kimberly B.
“Meticulously” (Thomas, Lewis 153) adv “Taking or showing extreme care about minute” (Webster’s Dictionary
453). Meaning at any minute we show extreme care. Thomas uses the word Meticulously to shows us that us should
take extreme care on how you think.
Henry A.
“Pharmacopoeia” (Thomas, Lewis 158) noun “A book describing drugs and medicinal preparations. A stock of
drugs” (Webster 540). Thomas uses this term to describe how the start of modern medicine can be traced back to
the period when sulfonamides and penicillin were first introduced.
Kimberly B.
“Empiricism” (Thomas, Lewis 159) noun: “Empirical method or practice, the philosophic doctrine that all
knowledge is derived from sense experiences” Webster’s Dictionary 232) Empiricism meaning to me that is
observed experiment derived from your experiences. This is word empiricism is related in Medical Lessons from
History by using a method of medical lessons to explain the history of medicine.
Brittany-I. B.-S.
“Cupping” (Thomas, 159) noun: a treatment in which evacuated glass cups are applied to intact or scarified skin in
order to draw blood toward or through the surface. (Dictionary.com) This procedure was done to relieve disorders
associated with excess blood. Thomas lists procedures that held no true scientific merit. They were simply
“concocted out of nothing but thin air.”(Thomas, 159) This just supports his position of how medicine has come a
very long way.
Diana T.
“Deplorable” (Thomas, p.159). “adj. grievous; lamentable; very bad; wretched”. (Webster’s Dictionary and
Thesaurus, p. 66) Thomas used this vocabulary to explain to the audience that history of medicine story was very
bad to be told.
Diana T.
“Retrospect” (Thomas, p.159). “n. a review of things in the past”. (Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, p.214)
Thomas explain that people in the past doesn’t care for the experiment that they did. In the past, they did not take
thing serious.
Michael F.
“Ivan Illich” (Thomas 160) “Radical political and social thinker in the later 20th century who aimed to analyze
institutional structures of industrialized society, and provide alternative concepts.” (cogsci.ed.ac.uk, 3/6/06)
Thomas refers to Ivan Illich who critically wrote about the state of medicine during his lifetime in the 20th century,
while explaining that an individual named Montaigne was addressing the state of medicine centuries before Illich as
inaccurate and the cause of illness in some cases.
Henry A.
“Fomentations” (Thomas, Lewis 160) noun “A hot moist material (as a damp cloth) applied to the body to ease
pain” (Webster 281). Thomas uses this term to describe one of the methods used during earlier times to treat
certain illnesses, and how these illnesses were better left untreated.
Jasmine M.
Montaigne (Thomas, Lewis 160) “was an influential French Renaissance writer, generally considered to be the
inventor of the personal essay. In his main work, the Essays, unprecedented in its candidness and personal flavor,
he takes mankind and especially himself as the object of study. He was a skeptic and a humanist.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montaigne). On page 61 on, Medical Lessons From Histories,” Lewis uses
Montaigne as an example when he was describing ow people use natural remedies to cure diseases and someone
who was born a skeptic during this times (Montaigne) to see that these natural remedies/cures (which people put up
with because they believed that these remedies had “magical powers of medicine”) were nonsense and he wrote
about doctors causing illnesses.
Jasmine M.
Pathogenic Organisms (Thomas, Lewis 162) a biological agent that causes disease or illness to a complex adaptive
system or organs that are the properties of life. Lewis was explaining that the basics of science that laid the pathway
to “future science of medicine” started to get underway during the late 19th century. During this time pathogenic
organisms and bacteria were being recognized for what they are and what they did.
-Pathogenic “a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic)
-Organism “is a complex adaptive system of organs that influence each other in such a way that they function as a
more or less stable whole and have properties of life.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism)
Brittany-I. B.-S.
“Nihilism” (Thomas, 162) noun: a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is
senseless and useless (Merriam-Webster, 488). Thomas uses this word to explain how the medical society became
skeptical about their past remedies and in turn basically gave them up.
Edward D.
“Bacteriology” (Thomas, Lewis 164) – “The study of microorganisms, of which it includes viruses, prokaryotes and
simple eukaryotes. Most work in bacteriology is done through methods obtained in biochemistry and genetics
research. Bacteriology is related to pathology, immunology, and epidemiology.”
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriology)
Edward D.
“Immunology” (Thomas, Lewis 164) – “Immunology is the study of the immune system and its function, which
includes immune system disorders, immunization, and organ transplants.” (www.als.net/als101/glossary.asp )
Edward D.
“Meningococci” (Thomas, Lewis 164) – “Meningococci are bactera that cause the disease Meningococcal.
Meningococci bacteria also cause meningitis and Septicaemia.” (
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Meningococcal_disease?Open )
Jasmine M.
Neurobiologist (Thomas, Lewis 165) “ branch of the life sciences that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and
pathology of the nervous system”(http://www.webster.com/dictionary/neurobiologist). Lewis was describing
different sectors of medicine and mentioned Neurobiologist and how their research over the years produced
information about the brain and how it works.
Cristina M.
“Paradoxical” (Thomas, 166) “ A statement that seems contrary to common sense and yet is perhaps true” (The
Merriam-Webster Dictionary 534) Thomas expresses this in a way that the future of medicine is looking good. He
says, “There has never been a period in medicine when the future has looked so bright.” (p166)
Jonathan E.
Delirium Tremens (no page)- A species of delirium induced by excessive indulgence of alcoholic liquors
characterized by trembling and various delusions of the senses – From Online OED
Jonathan E.
Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) (no page)- Physician and Professor of Anatomy and physiology at
Harvard. Most famous of the “Three Brahmas.” Also a poet and writer. from biographical websites on OWH
(forgot to write them down)
Jonathan E.
One Hoss Shay (no page)- AKA the Deacon’s Masterpiece, a long poem written by Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Written in 1858. from biographical websites on OWH (forgot to write them down)
Jonathan E.
Eukaryotic (no page)- (of a cell) characterized by a nuclear membrane and organelles. (of an organism)
composed of such cells belonging to the group which includes higher organisms and some lower ones. Of or
pertaining to such a cell or organism. From Online OED